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Page "Sampling bias" ¶ 19
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If and degree
If she has not had such experiences, the female's normal adolescent degree of indecision will be compounded.
If its minimal polynomial has degree, then the algebraic number is said to be of degree.
If a is algebraic over K, then K, the set of all polynomials in a with coefficients in K, is not only a ring but a field: an algebraic extension of K which has finite degree over K. In the special case where K = Q is the field of rational numbers, Q is an example of an algebraic number field.
If five judges then the highest and lowest scores are discarded and the middle three are summed and multiplied by the degree of difficulty ( DD ), which is determined from a combination of the moves undertaken, in which position and from what height ).
If a mathematical function is used to represent the production function, and if that production function is homogeneous, returns to scale are represented by the degree of homogeneity of the function.
If any player interferes with an eligible receiver's ability to catch the ball it is pass interference which draws a penalty of varying degree ( largely depending upon the particular league's rules ).
If v < sub > n </ sub > is the number of vertices of degree n and D is the maximum degree of any vertex,
* If f is an irreducible polynomial of prime degree p with rational coefficients and exactly two non-real roots, then the Galois group of f is the full symmetric group S < sub > p </ sub >.
If every formula in R of degree k is either refutable or satisfiable, then so is every formula in R of degree k + 1.
If the monopoly were permitted to charge individualised prices ( this is termed third degree price discrimination ), the quantity produced, and the price charged to the marginal customer, would be identical to that of a competitive company, thus eliminating the deadweight loss ; however, all gains from trade ( social welfare ) would accrue to the monopolist and none to the consumer.
A number a is a root of P if and only if the polynomial x − a ( of degree one in x ) divides P. It may happen that x − a divides P more than once: if ( x − a )< sup > 2 </ sup > divides P then a is called a multiple root of P, and otherwise a is called a simple root of P. If P is a nonzero polynomial, there is a highest power m such that ( x − a )< sup > m </ sup > divides P, which is called the multiplicity of the root a in P. When P is the zero polynomial, the corresponding polynomial equation is trivial, and this case is usually excluded when considering roots: with the above definitions every number would be a root of the zero polynomial, with undefined ( or infinite ) multiplicity.
If the areas of the two parallel faces are A < sub > 1 </ sub > and A < sub > 3 </ sub >, the cross-sectional area of the intersection of the prismatoid with a plane midway between the two parallel faces is A < sub > 2 </ sub >, and the height ( the distance between the two parallel faces ) is h, then the volume of the prismatoid is given by ( This formula follows immediately by integrating the area parallel to the two planes of vertices by Simpson's rule, since that rule is exact for integration of polynomials of degree up to 3, and in this case the area is at most a quadratic in the height.
If the overall system is pure, the entropy of one subsystem can be used to measure its degree of entanglement with the other subsystems.
If r is the degree of the primitive generator polynomial, then the maximal total block length is, and the associated code is able to detect any single-bit or double-bit errors.
If we use the generator polynomial, where is a primitive polynomial of degree, then the maximal total block length is, and the code is able to detect single, double, and triple errors.
If their test scores suddenly diverged by a large degree, this would be strong evidence that studying ( or going to the amusement park ) had a causal effect on test scores.
If this wave interacts with a material at which the horizontal component ( green sinusoid ) travels at a different speed than the vertical component ( blue sinusoid ), the two components will fall out of the 90 degree phase difference ( required for circular polarization ) changing the Kerr Ellipticity.
If f is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to d, then the Taylor polynomial of degree d equals f.
" If one has a living person inhale this liquid when it is at its highest degree of concentration, the body of the patient for a few moments becomes as light as a balloon ," Robert-Houdin claimed.
If the public sector company is making money and selling their product for half of the price of the private sector companies, the private sector companies won't be able to simultaneously gouge to that degree and keep their customers: the competition keeps them in line.

If and is
If the circumstances are faced frankly it is not reasonable to expect this to be true.
If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.
If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.
If they avoid the use of the pungent, outlawed four-letter word it is because it is taboo ; ;
If Wilhelm Reich is the Moses who has led them out of the Egypt of sexual slavery, Dylan Thomas is the poet who offers them the Dionysian dialectic of justification for their indulgence in liquor, marijuana, sex, and jazz.
If he is the child of nothingness, if he is the predestined victim of an age of atomic wars, then he will consult only his own organic needs and go beyond good and evil.
If it is an honest feeling, then why should she not yield to it??
If he thus achieves a lyrical, dreamlike, drugged intensity, he pays the price for his indulgence by producing work -- Allen Ginsberg's `` Howl '' is a striking example of this tendency -- that is disoriented, Dionysian but without depth and without Apollonian control.
If love reflects the nature of man, as Ortega Y Gasset believes, if the person in love betrays decisively what he is by his behavior in love, then the writers of the beat generation are creating a new literary genre.
If he is good, he may not be legal ; ;
If the man on the sidewalk is surprised at this question, it has served as an exclamation.
If the existent form is to be retained new factors that reinforce it must be introduced into the situation.
If we remove ourselves for a moment from our time and our infatuation with mental disease, isn't there something absurd about a hero in a novel who is defeated by his infantile neurosis??
If many of the characters in contemporary novels appear to be the bloodless relations of characters in a case history it is because the novelist is often forgetful today that those things that we call character manifest themselves in surface behavior, that the ego is still the executive agency of personality, and that all we know of personality must be discerned through the ego.
If he is a traditionalist, he is an eclectic traditionalist.
If our sincerity is granted, and it is granted, the discrepancy can only be explained by the fact that we have come to believe hearsay and legend about ourselves in preference to an understanding gained by earnest self-examination.
If to be innocent is to be helpless, then I had been -- as are we all -- helpless at the start.

If and small
If Nikita buys a small plot in some modest rural cemetery, everyone will understand.
If he had any worries, it was only the small ones, about Mother in New York, and his daughter Edwina and what she might be doing at this hour, with her Aunt Asia, in Philadelphia.
If it is decided to make a small shift which may be required from military aid or special assistance funds, in order to carry out the purposes of the Mutual Security Act through this new peaceful program, this will be a hopeful sign to the world.
If we stop thinking in terms of tremendous multimegaton nuclear weapons and consider employing much smaller nuclear weapons which may be more appropriate for most important military targets, it would seem that the B-52 or B-70 could carry a great many small nuclear weapons.
If we could use all the small airfields we have in this country, we could disperse our strategic aircraft by a factor of 10 or more.
If you would feel happier with full collision insurance, there is a small additional charge, again varying from country to country and depending on the term of such insurance.
If you wish to budget closely on transportation, saving your extra dollars to indulge in luxuries, one agency lists the small Fiat 500 at only $1.26 a day plus $.03 a kilometer and the Fiat 2100 Station Wagon, seating six, at just $1.10 a day and $.105 a kilometer.
If you have a planting of half an acre or more you may want to buy a small garden tractor ( available for $300 to $500 with attachments, 1960 prices ).
* If two small categories are weakly equivalent, then they are equivalent.
If ΔS and / or T are small, the condition ΔG < 0 may imply that ΔH < 0, which would indicate an exothermic reaction.
If a ) testimonies conflict one another, b ) there are a small number of witnesses, c ) the speaker has no integrity, d ) the speaker is overly hesitant or bold, or e ) the speaker is known to have motives for lying, then the epistemologist has reason to be skeptical of the speaker's claims.
If Acorn had thought to include this small modification in the original Electron design it is likely the machine would have had a much greater impact as it would have nearly doubled the amount of motion possible in games and saved modes 0 – 3 ( including the only 16 colour mode ) from being nearly useless due to contended memory timings.
If the angle u1 is very small, O ' 1 is the Gaussian image ; and O ' 1 O ' 2 is termed the longitudinal aberration, and O ' 1R the lateral aberration of the pencils with aperture u2.
If a small heater is available for the coldest nights, a slab or basement cistern can inexpensively provide the required thermal mass.
If a king held sway over a large kingdom, such as when the Mercians dominated the East Anglians, the relationship would have been more equal than in the case the Mercian dominance of the Hwicce, which was a comparatively small kingdom.
If we look at this situation from far above, so that we cannot see the supporters, we see the large balloon as a small object animated by erratic movement.
If a mutual is large, or is expected to grow if it can raise capital by a conversion, its managers derive more value from a conversion but do not suffer much loss of perks than if the bank were small.
If the column load is gradually increased, a condition is reached in which the straight form of equilibrium becomes so-called neutral equilibrium, and a small lateral force will produce a deflection that does not disappear and the column remains in this slightly bent form when the lateral force is removed.
If not " true " crannogs, small occupied islets ( often at least partially artificial in nature ) may be referred to as island duns, although rather confusingly, 22 islet-based sites are classified as ' proper ' crannogs due to the different interpretations of the inspectors or excavators who drew up field reports Canmore search for crannog in the Western Isles Hebridean island dwellings or crannogs were commonly built on both natural and artificial islets, usually reached by means of a stone causeway.
If a reaction results in a small energy release making way for more energy releases in an expanding chain, then the system will typically collapse explosively until much or all of the stored energy has been released.
If the width of the slits is small enough ( less than the wavelength of the laser light ), the slits diffract the light into cylindrical waves.
: If a planet crosses ( or transits ) in front of its parent star's disk, then the observed brightness of the star drops by a small amount.
If the cell is growing rapidly, each complex also needs to transport about 6 newly assembled large and small ribosomal subunits per minute from the nucleus to the cytosol, where they are used to synthesize proteins.
If we believe in this mental component and call it God, then we can say that we are small pieces of God's mental apparatus " ( p. 297 ).
If your home is too small and you are crammed in with noisy children, it will indeed make it more difficult for your business to work.

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