* Every rectangle R is in M. If the rectangle has length h and breadth k then a ( R ) =

* If G is a locally compact Hausdorff topological group and μ its Haar measure, then the Banach space L < sup > 1 </ sup >( G ) of all μ-integrable functions on G becomes a Banach algebra under the convolution xy ( g ) = ∫ x ( h ) y ( h < sup >− 1 </ sup > g ) dμ ( h ) for x, y in L < sup > 1 </ sup >( G ).

If this limit exists, then it may be computed by taking the limit as h → 0 along the real axis or imaginary axis ; in either case it should give the same result.

If h is negative, then a + h is on the low part of the step, so the secant line from a to a + h is very steep, and as h tends to zero the slope tends to infinity.

If h is positive, then a + h is on the high part of the step, so the secant line from a to a + h has slope zero.

If K is a subset of ker ( f ) then there exists a unique homomorphism h: G / K → H such that f = h φ.

If G is a group and X is a set then a group action may be defined as a group homomorphism h from G to the symmetric group of X.

If the minibus exceeds 100 km / h, the beeping will turn into a sustained tone.

If a spatial extra dimension is of radius R, the invariant mass of such standing waves would be M < sub > n </ sub > = nh / Rc with n an integer, h being Planck's constant and c the speed of light.

If c, h, and e were all changed so that the values they have in metric ( or any other ) units were different when we looked them up in our tables of physical constants, but the value of α remained the same, this new world would be observationally indistinguishable from our World.

If the areas of the two parallel faces are A < sub > 1 </ sub > and A < sub > 3 </ sub >, the cross-sectional area of the intersection of the prismatoid with a plane midway between the two parallel faces is A < sub > 2 </ sub >, and the height ( the distance between the two parallel faces ) is h, then the volume of the prismatoid is given by ( This formula follows immediately by integrating the area parallel to the two planes of vertices by Simpson's rule, since that rule is exact for integration of polynomials of degree up to 3, and in this case the area is at most a quadratic in the height.

: If we are given h ( x )= g ( f < sub > 1 </ sub >( x ), ..., f < sub > m </ sub >( x ) )

⟨ H ⟩, be the group generated by H. Then the word problem in H < sup >*</ sup > is solvable: given two words h, k in the generators H of H < sup >*</ sup >, write them as words in X and compare them using the solution to the word problem in G. It is easy to think that this demonstrates a uniform solution the word problem for the class K ( say ) of finitely generated groups that can be embedded in G. If this were the case the non-existence of a universal solvable word problem group would follow easily from Boone-Rogers.

If h has a fixed ( non-zero ) value instead of approaching zero, then the right-hand side of the above equation would be written

If ~ is a unary operation, then h (~ x ) = ~ h ( x ).

If * is a binary operation, then h ( x * y ) = h ( x ) * h ( y ).

* If S and T are in M with S ⊆ T then T − S is in M and a ( T − S ) =

If a is algebraic over K, then K, the set of all polynomials in a with coefficients in K, is not only a ring but a field: an algebraic extension of K which has finite degree over K. In the special case where K = Q is the field of rational numbers, Q is an example of an algebraic number field.

If the object point O is infinitely distant, u1 and u2 are to be replaced by h1 and h2, the perpendicular heights of incidence ; the sine condition then becomes sin u ' 1 / h1 = sin u ' 2 / h2.

If the ratio a '/ a be sufficiently constant, as is often the case, the above relation reduces to the condition of Airy, i. e. tan w '/ tan w = a constant.

If F is an antiderivative of f, and the function f is defined on some interval, then every other antiderivative G of f differs from F by a constant: there exists a number C such that G ( x ) = F ( x ) + C for all x.

If we define the function f ( n ) = A ( n, n ), which increases both m and n at the same time, we have a function of one variable that dwarfs every primitive recursive function, including very fast-growing functions such as the exponential function, the factorial function, multi-and superfactorial functions, and even functions defined using Knuth's up-arrow notation ( except when the indexed up-arrow is used ).

Let ( m, n ) be a pair of amicable numbers with m < n, and write m = gM and n = gN where g is the greatest common divisor of m and n. If M and N are both coprime to g and square free then the pair ( m, n ) is said to be regular, otherwise it is called irregular or exotic.

* If the operation is associative, ( ab ) c = a ( bc ), then the value depends only on the tuple ( a, b, c ).

* If the operation is commutative, ab = ba, then the value depends only on

If X is a Banach space and K is the underlying field ( either the real or the complex numbers ), then K is itself a Banach space ( using the absolute value as norm ) and we can define the continuous dual space as X ′ = B ( X, K ), the space of continuous linear maps into K.

If the sets A and B are equal, this is denoted symbolically as A = B ( as usual ).

If a problem can be shown to be in both NP and co-NP, that is generally accepted as strong evidence that the problem is probably not NP-complete ( since otherwise NP = co-NP ).

If the user pressed keys 1 + 2 = 3 simultaneously the letter " c " appeared.

If the ideals A and B of R are coprime, then AB = A ∩ B ; furthermore, if C is a third ideal such that A contains BC, then A contains C. The Chinese remainder theorem is an important statement about coprime ideals.

If κ is an infinite cardinal number, then cf ( κ ) is the least cardinal such that there is an unbounded function from it to κ ; and cf ( κ ) = the cardinality of the smallest collection of sets of strictly smaller cardinals such that their sum is κ ; more precisely

If the disk was not otherwise prepared with a custom format, ( e. g. for data disks ), 664 blocks would be free after formatting, giving 664 × 254 = 168, 656 bytes ( or almost 165 kB ) for user data.

This is a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers, but it does not converge towards any rational limit: If the sequence did have a limit x, then necessarily x < sup > 2 </ sup > = 2, yet no rational number has this property.

If y = f ( x ) is differentiable at a, then f must also be continuous at a.

If a vector field F with zero divergence is defined on a ball in R < sup > 3 </ sup >, then there exists some vector field G on the ball with F = curl ( G ).

If in the third identity we take H = G, we get that the set of commutators is stable under any endomorphism of G. This is in fact a generalization of the second identity, since we can take f to be the conjugation automorphism.

Linear Diophantine equations take the form ax + by = c. If c is the greatest common divisor of a and b then this is Bézout's identity, and the equation has an infinite number of solutions.

It follows that there are also infinitely many solutions if c is a multiple of the greatest common divisor of a and b. If c is not a multiple of the greatest common divisor of a and b, then the Diophantine equation ax + by = c has no solutions.

If we are to believe the list of titles printed in Malraux's latest book, La Metamorphose Des Dieux, Vol. 1 ( ( 1957 ), he is still engaged in writing a large novel under his original title.

If desired, sprinkle with 1 teaspoon drained crushed pineapple.

If the Af bond is linear then there are three reasonable positions for the hydrogen atoms: ( 1 ) The hydrogen atoms are centered and hence all lie on a sheet midway between the oxygen sheets ; ;

If, in a certain part of the range, it starts life 1 foot longer than do any of the other ( relatively large ) giants, and reaches maturity at, let us guess, 18 inches longer than the others, a quadrupling of the maturity length would result in a maximum of ( nearly ) 40 feet.

If, at any time during the assignment pass, the compiler finds that there are no more index words available for assignment, the warning message `` No More Index Words Available '' will be placed in the object program listing, the table will be altered to show that index words 1 through 96 are available, and the assignment will continue as before.

If the compiler finds that there are no more electronic switches available for assignment, the warning message `` No More Electronic Switches Available '' will be placed in the object program listing, the table will be altered to show that electronic switches 1 through 30 are available, and assignment will continue as before.

If the resulting four kilobyte table size is too large for a given target platform, the table lookup operation can be performed with a single 256-entry 32-bit ( i. e. 1 kilobyte ) table by the use of circular rotates.

Theorem: If K < sub > 1 </ sub > and K < sub > 2 </ sub > are the complexity functions relative to description languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub >, then there is a constant c – which depends only on the languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub > chosen – such that

If more than one player selects a tile in that row, then the player whose tile is in the leftmost column ( closest to 1 ) goes first.

If the color were fully green, its RGBA would be ( 0, 1, 0, 0. 5 ).

* If the balance factor of R is + 1, two different rotations are needed.

* If the balance factor of L is + 1, a single right rotation ( with P as the root ) is needed ( Left-Left case ).

If there is refraction at a collective spherical surface, or through a thin positive lens, O ' 2 will lie in front of O ' 1 so long as the angle u2 is greater than u1 ( under correction ); and conversely with a dispersive surface or lenses ( over correction ).

If the angle u1 is very small, O ' 1 is the Gaussian image ; and O ' 1 O ' 2 is termed the longitudinal aberration, and O ' 1R the lateral aberration of the pencils with aperture u2.

If the pencil with the angle u2 is that of the maximum aberration of all the pencils transmitted, then in a plane perpendicular to the axis at O ' 1 there is a circular disk of confusion of radius O ' 1R, and in a parallel plane at O ' 2 another one of radius O ' 2R2 ; between these two is situated the disk of least confusion.

If the function R is well-defined, its value must lie in the range, with 1 indicating perfect correlation and − 1 indicating perfect anti-correlation.

If there is no number to its left, simply look at the column headed " 1 " in the previous row.

If a detector was placed at a distance of 1 m, the ion flight times would be X and Y ns.

If the boat floats, the mass of the boat ( plus contents ) as a whole divided by the volume below the waterline is equal to the density of water ( 1 kg / l ).

* The Lusternik – Schnirelmann theorem: If the sphere S < sup > n </ sup > is covered by n + 1 open sets, then one of these sets contains a pair ( x, − x ) of antipodal points.