If a source emits a known luminous intensity I < sub > v </ sub > ( in candelas ) in a well-defined cone, the total luminous flux Φ < sub > v </ sub > in lumens is given by

If the source emits light uniformly in all directions, the flux can be found by multiplying the intensity by 4π: a uniform 1 candela source emits 12. 6 lumens.

If the combustion takes place using air as the oxygen source, the nitrogen can be added to the equation, as and although it does not react, to show the composition of the flue gas:

If the glass is cooled quickly in the absence of a strong light source by putting ice on the glass or placing it in the freezer with the door almost closed, it turns backwards ( i. e. the silver sides trail ).

If the divergence is nonzero at some point then there must be a source or sink at that position.

If the source of Φ ( r ) is a dipole, as it is assumed here, this term is the only non-vanishing term in the multipole expansion of Φ ( r ).

If the source is located at an arbitrary source point, denoted by the vector and the field point is located at the point, then we may represent the scalar Green's function ( for arbitrary source location ) as:

If waves are emitted from an extended source, this can lead to incoherence in the transversal direction.

If the observer is at a lower gravitational potential than the source, a gravitational blueshift can be observed instead.

If the depletion region expands to completely close the channel, the resistance of the channel from source to drain becomes large, and the FET is effectively turned off like a switch.

If drain-to-source voltage is increased, this creates a significant asymmetrical change in the shape of the channel due to a gradient of voltage potential from source to drain.

If drain-to-source voltage is increased further, the pinch-off point of the channel begins to move away from the drain towards the source.

If a laser is swept across a distant object, the spot of laser light can easily be made to move across the object at a speed greater than c. Similarly, a shadow projected onto a distant object can be made to move across the object faster than c. In neither case does the light travel from the source to the object faster than c, nor does any information travel faster than light.

If f is an element of G ( x, y ) then x is called the source of f, written s ( f ), and y the target of f ( written t ( f )).

If the DNA is to be used after separation on the agarose gel, it is best to avoid exposure to UV light by using a blue light excitation source such as the XcitaBlue UV to blue light conversion screen from Bio-Rad or Dark Reader from Clare Chemicals.

If the political situation stabilizes, high crime levels wane, and new investment increases, tourism could take its place next to export-oriented manufacturing ( the assembly sector ) as a potential source of foreign exchange.

If an inductor is connected to a direct current source with value I via a resistance R, and then the current source is short-circuited, the differential relationship above shows that the current through the inductor will discharge with an exponential decay:

If the resulting TTL is 0, the packet is discarded and an ICMP Time To Live exceeded in transit message is sent to the datagram's source address.

If this process is the source of our feelings about justice, that ought to undermine our confidence in them.

If one considers a small fluorescent light source ( essentially a bright spot ), light coming from this spot spreads out the further out of focus one is.

If a clot is large enough to block one or both femoral arteries, there may be hind leg paralysis because the major source of blood flow to the hind leg is blocked.

If **ya is the multiple secant of **zg which passes through Af and **yb is the simple secant of **zg which passes through Af, and if Af are the points in which **ya meets **zg, and if Af is the image of Af on the generator **yb, it follows that the image of the line Af is Af.

If, on the other hand, they opted for representation, it had to be representation per se -- representation as image pure and simple, without connotations ( at least, without more than schematic ones ) of the three-dimensional space in which the objects represented originally existed.

There are some passages in the writings of Irenaeus where the image of God and the similitude are sharply distinguished, so most notably in the statement: `` If the ( Holy ) Spirit is absent from the soul, such a man is indeed of an animal nature ; ;

If an alpha channel is used in an image, it is common to also multiply the color by the alpha value, to save on additional multiplications during compositing.

If an otherwise perfect wavefront is " aberrated " by piston and tilt, it will still form a perfect, aberration-free image, only shifted to a different position.

If the angle u1 is very small, O ' 1 is the Gaussian image ; and O ' 1 O ' 2 is termed the longitudinal aberration, and O ' 1R the lateral aberration of the pencils with aperture u2.

If the above errors be eliminated, the two astigmatic surfaces united, and a sharp image obtained with a wide aperture — there remains the necessity to correct the curvature of the image surface, especially when the image is to be received upon a plane surface, e. g. in photography.

If, in an unsharp image, a patch of light corresponds to an object point, the center of gravity of the patch may be regarded as the image point, this being the point where the plane receiving the image, e. g., a focusing screen, intersects the ray passing through the middle of the stop.

If a pixel-by-pixel ( image order ) approach to rendering is impractical or too slow for some task, then a primitive-by-primitive ( object order ) approach to rendering may prove useful.

If a naive rendering algorithm is used without any filtering, high frequencies in the image function will cause ugly aliasing to be present in the final image.

In It's Not Funny If I Have to Explain It, Adams recounts having been attacked for the alleged political content of his work, although in the case of one such strip ( where oil drilling kills a unicorn ) he excuses himself by saying " I just thought the image was funny.

If all layers of an image change regularly but a large number of layer still need to be composited ( such as in distributed rendering ), the commutativity of a compositing operator can still be exploited to speed up computation through parallelism even when there is no gain from pre-computation.

If the imaging surface is cleaned of contaminants and residual moisture before the second image is taken, then no image of the missing section would appear.

If this image were transferred directly to paper, it would create a mirror-type image and the paper would become too wet.

If is another measurable space then a function is called measurable if for every Y-measurable set, the inverse image is X-measurable i. e..

If one looks in a mirror, one's image reverses ( e. g., if one raises one's right hand, his left hand will appear to go up in the mirror ).

If U. S. officials can " help clean up his image " and lift the ban on arms sales to the Panamanian Defense Force, Noriega will "' take care of ' the Sandinista leadership for us.

If the circumstances are faced frankly it is not reasonable to expect this to be true.

If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.

If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.

If they avoid the use of the pungent, outlawed four-letter word it is because it is taboo ; ;

If Wilhelm Reich is the Moses who has led them out of the Egypt of sexual slavery, Dylan Thomas is the poet who offers them the Dionysian dialectic of justification for their indulgence in liquor, marijuana, sex, and jazz.

If he is the child of nothingness, if he is the predestined victim of an age of atomic wars, then he will consult only his own organic needs and go beyond good and evil.

If it is an honest feeling, then why should she not yield to it??

If he thus achieves a lyrical, dreamlike, drugged intensity, he pays the price for his indulgence by producing work -- Allen Ginsberg's `` Howl '' is a striking example of this tendency -- that is disoriented, Dionysian but without depth and without Apollonian control.

If love reflects the nature of man, as Ortega Y Gasset believes, if the person in love betrays decisively what he is by his behavior in love, then the writers of the beat generation are creating a new literary genre.

If he is good, he may not be legal ; ;

If the man on the sidewalk is surprised at this question, it has served as an exclamation.

If the existent form is to be retained new factors that reinforce it must be introduced into the situation.

If we remove ourselves for a moment from our time and our infatuation with mental disease, isn't there something absurd about a hero in a novel who is defeated by his infantile neurosis??

If many of the characters in contemporary novels appear to be the bloodless relations of characters in a case history it is because the novelist is often forgetful today that those things that we call character manifest themselves in surface behavior, that the ego is still the executive agency of personality, and that all we know of personality must be discerned through the ego.

If he is a traditionalist, he is an eclectic traditionalist.

If our sincerity is granted, and it is granted, the discrepancy can only be explained by the fact that we have come to believe hearsay and legend about ourselves in preference to an understanding gained by earnest self-examination.

If to be innocent is to be helpless, then I had been -- as are we all -- helpless at the start.