King Philip IV of France ( 1268 – 1314 ) In 1305, the new Pope Clement V, based in France, sent letters to both the Templar Grand Master Jacques de Molay and the Hospitaller Grand Master Fulk de Villaret to discuss the possibility of merging the two Orders.

The following biography is the traditional Chan biography as handed down throughout the centuries, including the Denkoroku by Zen Master Keizan Jokin ( 1268 – 1325 ).

When Conradin was executed in Sicily in 1268, there was no other Hohenstaufen heir to succeed him, and Hugh III inherited the Kingdom of Jerusalem as well in 1269.

Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when Hugh III of Cyprus claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms.

Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when Hugh III of Cyprus claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms.

When his second cousin's son Conradin, King of Jerusalem, was killed in 1268, the succession again went to the junior cousin Hugh III.

On 23 August 1268 his multi-national army of Italian, Spanish, Roman, Arab and German troops encountered that of Charles at Tagliacozzo, in a hilly area of central Italy.

While first settlement in the Lüdenscheid area is confirmed for the 9th century, the first mention of the place as a village was made in 1067 and as a city in 1268.

The lands remained under the monks until 1268 when Bishop John de Cheyan redeemed the ' lands along the Clud ' ( Clyde ) called Kermyl ( Carmyle )-most of the area now comprising modern Easterhouse were included in this grant-to sustain three chaplains to ' minister for the salvation of the Bishop's soul and also for the souls of all the faithful deceased '.

Conradin's campaign to retake control ended with his defeat in 1268 at the Battle of Tagliacozzo after which he was handed over to Charles, who had him publicly executed at Naples.

To the north were the three other crusader states founded during and after the First Crusade, the County of Edessa ( 1097 – 1144 ), the Principality of Antioch ( 1098 – 1268 ), and the County of Tripoli ( 1109 – 1289 ), which were all independent but closely tied to Jerusalem.

Heinrich A. Rommen remarked upon " the tenacity with which the spirit of the English common law retained the conceptions of natural law and equity which it had assimilated during the Catholic Middle Ages, thanks especially to the influence of Henry de Bracton ( d. 1268 ) and Sir John Fortescue ( d. cir.

) In April 1268 he issued a set of canons, which formed the basis of church law in England until the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century.

The construction of this castle between 1268 and 1271 by Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford | Gilbert de Clare led to a dispute between Llywelyn the Last and the English crown, one of the issues which led to the wars of 1277 and 1282 and the end of Welsh independence

Dogen's notable successor was Keizan ( 瑩山 ; 1268 – 1325 ), founder of Sōji-ji Temple and author of the Record of the Transmission of Light ( 傳光錄 Denkōroku ), which traces the succession of Zen masters from Siddhārtha Gautama up to Keizan's own day.

In the colophons of the Malatia Gospel of 1268 ( MS No. 10675 ), Armenian manuscript illuminator Toros Roslin described the brutal sack of Antioch by Baibars: "... at this time great Antioch was captured by the wicked king of Egypt, and many were killed and became his prisoners, and a cause of anguish to the holy and famous temples, houses of God, which are in it ; the wonderful elegance of the beauty of those that were destroyed by fire is beyond the power of words.

Because of the Mongol invasion, ibn Taymiyyah's family moved to Damascus in 1268, which was then ruled by the Mamluks of Egypt.

The Hohenstaufen dynasty ( the dynasty of Frederick Barbarossa ), which ruled the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries, arose out of Swabia, but following the execution of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen, on October 29, 1268, the original duchy gradually broke up into many smaller units.

In 1238 the borough, which had hitherto been crown demesne, was bestowed by Henry III on Richard, earl of Cornwall, who in 1268 obtained a grant of a Wednesday market and a three days fair at the feast of St Petrock.

A royal city which had remained faithful to Manfred of Sicily during the Angevine invasion, 1268 it was besieged by Charles I of Anjou and surrendered the following year.

Rajendra III, hopelessly isolated, was thoroughly routed and humiliated in this war, which is variously dated as between 1268 – 1270.

In 1268 Henry II granted a charter to Winterborne St Martin, which allowed the village to hold an annual fair within five days of St Martins Day.

These " new " Lusignans, who were also descendants of Robert Guiscard, remained in control of Cyprus until 1489 ; in Jerusalem ( or, more accurately, Acre ), they ruled from 1268 until the fall of the city in 1291, after an interlude ( 1228 – 1268 ) during which the Hohenstaufen dynasty officially held the kingdom.

At the time of the Slave Dynasty this land was under the ' KiloKheri Fort ' which was capital of Sultan Kequbad, son of Nasiruddin ( 1268 – 1287 ).

Chögyal Phagpa in turn modified the traditional Tibetan script and gave birth to a new set of characters called ' Phags-pa script which was completed in 1268.

Dynastically, he established two notable Capetian Houses: the House of Anjou ( which he created by bestowing the County of Anjou upon his brother, Charles ( 1227 – 1285 )), and the House of Bourbon ( which he established by bestowing Clermont on his son Robert ( 1256 – 1317 ) in 1268, before marrying the young man to the heiress of Bourbon, Beatrix ( 1257 – 1310 )); the first House would go on to rule Sicily, Naples, and Hungary, suffering many tragedies and disasters on the way ; the second would eventually succeed to the French thone, collecting Navarre along the way.

In 1268 C. E., Abu Muhammad ' Ali al-Hariri formed the Syrian branch of the order which became known as the Haririya.

The birth of Vedanta Desika was in the Kali yuga year 4370, which corresponds to 1268 AD in the Tamil Year Vibhava, month Purattaasi, on the Dasami day of Sukla Paksha, a Wednesday, in the constellation of Sravanam ( the same as that of Lord of Tirumalai ). He was born in Thooppul, near Tiruttangaa ( Himavanam ) adjacent to the temple of Deepa Prakaasar in Kanchipuram, the birthplace of Poigai Alwar.

In 1268 Baibars besieged the city of Antioch which was " badly defended by its patriarch and abandoned by most of its inhabitants ," capturing it on 18 May ( the citadel fell two days later ) after a relatively feeble defense.

The inescutcheon – the smaller shield within the bigger one – which already appeared on Brakel's coins in 1227, is the arms of the Lords of Brakel, who were the town's overlords until their male line died out in 1268.

In 1268 Henry donated a manor in Melksham, a place that Eleanor had shown her interest in, to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her younger brother Arthur, who was captured along with his sister and disappeared mysteriously the next year, it being widely believed that John had him murdered.

The Doge's Palace, Venice | Doge's Palace complex. While doges had great temporal power at first, after 1268, the doge was constantly under strict surveillance: he had to wait for other officials to be present before opening dispatches from foreign powers ; he was not allowed to possess any property in a foreign land.

Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers composed Qui vol aver complida amistansa to celebrate the preparations of the Crusade in 1268, but in 1270 he had to compose Ab grans trebalhs et ab grans marrimens in commemoration of the French king.

At a time when the shogunate had little interest in foreign affairs and ignored communications from China and the Goryeo kingdom, news arrived in 1268 of a new Mongol regime in Beijing.

In 1268 Conradin, who had meanwhile come out of age, invaded Italy to press his claim to the throne but he was defeated at the Battle of Tagliacozzo and executed afterwards.

The Mongols had sent a threatening letter and emissaries to Japan in January 1268, after discussing the letter, Tokimune decided to have the emissaries sent back with no answer.

In 1267 Henry III was forced to recognise Llywelyn the Last as the Prince of Wales, and by September 1268 Llywelyn had secured northern Sengenhydd.

Gilbert de Clare had already begun to take steps to consolidate his own territorial gains, beginning the construction of Caerphilly Castle on 11 April 1268.

Although the Court of the King's ( or Queen's ) Bench had existed since 1234, the title of chief justice was not used until 1268.

By the time the instructors arrived in Tehran in Moharram, 1268 / November, 1851, Amir Kabir had already been dismissed, and it fell to Daʾud Khan to receive them.

Saisset had already been abbot of Saint Antonin of Pamiers in 1268, where he had first come into conflict with Philip IV's aggressive moves on a more local level.

In 1268, Henry III gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshere, a place that Eleanor had been fond of, to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and Arthur.

** John ( 1231 – 1268 ), married Agnes of Dampierre and had Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of Bourbon ( through Agnes )

There had been several lengthy vacancies of the Holy See, most recently the sede vacante that had lasted from the death of Clement IV, 29 November 1268, until Gregory's election, 1 September 1271.

A history of political interference in papal selection and consequently long vacancies between popes, culminating in the interregnum of 1268 – 1271, prompted Pope Gregory X to decree during the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 that the cardinal electors should be locked in seclusion cum clave ( Latin for " with a key ") and not permitted to leave until a new Bishop of Rome had been elected.

On 8 September 1268, Gertrude's son Frederick, who had accompanied Conradin on his Italian expedition, was captured in Astura to the south of Anzio.