Graphical documentation of the Szczerbiec, a sword that was traditionally used in the coronation ceremony of Rulers of Poland | Polish kings, 12th-13th century.

* Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg, a 12th-13th century rabbi and mystic, founder of Chasidei Ashkenaz

* Petachiah of Ratisbon, a 12th-13th century rabbi, best known for his extensive travels throughout Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.

* Annunziata dei Catalani ( late 12th-13th century ).

The Château de Falaise ( 12th-13th century ), which overlooks the town from a high crag (), was formerly the seat of the Dukes of Normandy.

The Cham decorated their temples with stone reliefs depicting their gods, such as Garuda fighting the Nāga ( 12th-13th century CE )

Dioscorides De Materia Medica in Arabic, Spain, 12th-13th century.

A Chinese six-pointed tray, red lacquer over wood, from the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ), 12th-13th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Later 12th-13th century changes to this law code list more extensive equipment for the more affluent freemen, with helmet, mail hauberk, shield, spear and sword being what the well-to-do farmer or burgher must bring to war.

* Plateresque Concatedral de San Pedro, erected in the 12th-13th centuries, rebuilt in the 16th century, and its cloister.

The content of the story typically stems from the Panji romances which are semi-historical legends set in the 12th-13th century East Javanese kingdoms of Jenggala, Daha and Kediri, and also in Bali.

; Sweden ( Denmark in 12th-13th century )

Through the history, the region of Mačva has been a part of: the Roman Empire ( 1st-4th century ), the Byzantine Empire ( 4th-5th century ; 5th-7th century ; 11th-12th century ), the Hun Empire ( 5th century ), Avar Khaganate ( 7th century ), the Slavic-controlled territories ( 7th-9th century ), the Bulgarian Empire ( 9th-11th century ), the Kingdom of Hungary ( 12th-13th century ; 14th century ; 15th century ; 16th century ), the State of Serb king Stefan Dragutin ( 13th-14th century ), the Serbian Empire ( 14th century ), the State of Nikola Altomanović ( 14th century ), the Moravian Serbia ( 14th century ), the Serbian Despotate ( 15th century ), the Ottoman Empire ( 15th century ; 16th-18th century ; 18th-19th century ), the Habsburg Monarchy ( 1718 – 1739 ), the Karađorđe's Serbia ( 1804 – 1813 ), the vassal Principality of Serbia ( 1815 – 1878 ), the independent Principality of Serbia ( 1878 – 1882 ), the Kingdom of Serbia ( 1882 – 1918 ), the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ( 1918 – 1929 ), the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929 – 1941 ), the area governed by the Military Administration in Serbia ( 1941-1944 ), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1944 – 1992 ), the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1992 – 2003 ), and the Serbia and Montenegro ( 2003 – 2006 ).

At the foot of the cliff are the picturesque ruins of the medieval town of Ninfa a ( 12th-13th centuries ) abandoned owing to the malaria.

It is also mentioned in an anonymous text Karatoya mahatmya ,, circumstantially placed in 12th-13th century.

Employing paddle wheel crafts and trebuchet's throwing gunpowder bombs from the decks of their ships, the Chinese became a formidable foe to the Jin Dynasty during the 12th-13th centuries ( see also Battle of Caishi and Battle of Tangdao ).

Until the decline of the Kievan Rus in the 12th-13th centuries the territory was also commonly called as Zalesie, meaning beyond woodland.

Its power increased after the disintegration of Kievan Rus, and although it was not as strong as the veche in Novgorod, the princes had to take its opinion into consideration ; several times in 12th-13th centuries there was an open conflict between them.

Mačva: Through the history, the region of Mačva ( whose northern part is within present-day Vojvodina ) has been a part of: the Roman Empire ( 1st-4th century ), the Byzantine Empire ( 4th-5th century ; 5th-7th century ; 11th-12th century ), the Hun Empire ( 5th century ), the Slavic-controlled territories ( 7th-9th century ), the Bulgarian Empire ( 9th-11th century ), the Kingdom of Hungary ( 12th-13th century ; 14th century ; 15th century ; 16th century ), the State of Serb king Stefan Dragutin ( 13th-14th century ), the Serbian Empire ( 14th century ), the State of Nikola Altomanović ( 14th century ), the Moravian Serbia ( 14th century ), the Serbian Despotate ( 15th century ), the Ottoman Empire ( 15th century ; 16th-18th century ; 18th-19th century ), the Habsburg Monarchy ( 1718 – 1739 ), the Karađorđe's Serbia ( 1804 – 1813 ), the vassal Principality of Serbia ( 1815 – 1878 ), the independent Principality of Serbia ( 1878 – 1882 ), the Kingdom of Serbia ( 1882 – 1918 ), the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ( 1918 – 1929 ), the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929 – 1941 ), the Nedić's Serbia ( 1941 – 1944 ), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1944 – 1992 ), the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1992 – 2003 ), and the Serbia and Montenegro ( 2003 – 2006 ).

* the Cathedral, dating to the 12th-13th centuries, combining Romanesque and Gothic architectural elements.

During the conflicts between the Pisane and the Genoese ( 12th-13th centuries ) the city was sacked various times.

* The Cathedral ( 12th-13th centuries ).

Most of the Ossetians became Eastern Orthodox Christians in the 12th-13th centuries under the influence of Georgia.

* Romanesque church of S. Michele Arcangelo ( 12th-13th centuries )

* Dukes of Greater Poland ( 12th-13th centuries )

In the 12th-13th centuries Alcántara was a frontier city, devoted to military activities and animal husbandry.

In the 12th-13th centuries it was the seat of the Akhaltsikhelis, dukes of Samtskhe, whose two most illustrious representatives were Shalva and Ivane Akhaltsikheli ( of Akhaltsikhe ).

Based on documents written in the 12th-13th centuries and mentioning Ungaria maior or Ungaria magna, modern authors use the name Magna Hungaria ( literally “ Old ” or “ Great Hungary ”) when referring to the territory where the ancestors of the Magyars used to live.

* Dukes of Greater Poland ( 12th-13th centuries )

* Palazzo Palagio or del Podestà ( 12th-13th centuries )

Religious orders that arose in the 12th-13th centuries often had a first order ( the male religious, who were first established ), the second order ( nuns, established second ), and then the third order of laity who were established third.

* 1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th-13th.

* February 13 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th-13th.

SEPTA's Broad Street Line connects to PATCO at the Walnut-Locust station via a short underground walkway to PATCO's 12th-13th & Locust, and 15-16th & Locust stations.

The village is built around the 12th-13th century former parish church of St. Serf, where the Dupplin Cross is displayed ( Historic Scotland ; open in summer without entrance charge ).

In a central square there is the cathedral ( 12th-13th century ), dedicated to St. Mary of the Purification: it is a noteworthy example of Apulian Romanesque architecture which houses the relics of the two city's patron saints, Bassus of Lucera ( San Basso ) and Timothy.

* Medieval tower of the 12th-13th century.

* Deva dynasty ( c. 12th-13th century ), Hindu dynasty of Bengal

First century sources, such as the Abhidharmakosa describe the knowledge and use of abacus in India.

The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.

The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

Hittite sources mention, ruler of ( land of Achaeans ) in the 14th century BC.

" Townsend, turning to the sources behind the pseudo-Clementine writings, argues that the middle of the 2nd century is the terminus ad quem for the final composition.

Two other uncommon sources were promoted by Alexander: Anselm of Canterbury, whose writings had been ignored for almost a century gained an important advocate in Alexander and he used Anselm's works extensively in his teaching on Christology and soteriology ; and, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, whom Alexander used in his examination of the theology of Orders and ecclesiastical structures.

The bridge is attested as Bilröst in the Poetic Edda ; compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and as Bifröst in the Prose Edda ; written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds.

The term epískopos was not from the earliest times clearly distinguished from the term presbýteros (" elder ", " senior ", nowadays used to signify a priest ), but the term was already clearly used in the sense of the order or office of bishop, distinct from that of priest in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch ( died c. 108 ), and sources from the middle of the 2nd century undoubtedly set forth that all the chief centres of Christianity recognized and had the office of bishop, using a form of organization that remained universal until the Protestant Reformation.

Neither of the main ancient sources for this period, Ammianus Marcellinus and Zosimus, mention the Bastarnae in their accounts of the 4th century, possibly implying the loss of their separate identity, presumably subsumed into the neighbouring Sarmatians or Goths.

Noth believed that this history was the work of a single author, living in the mid-6th century BCE, selecting, editing and composing from his sources to produce a coherent work.

The 6th century authors / editors drew on earlier sources, including ( but not limited to ) an " ark narrative " ( 1 Samuel 4: 1-7: 1 and part of 2 Samuel 6 ), a " Saul cycle " ( parts of 1 Samuel 9-11 and 13-14 ), the " history of David's rise " ( 1 Samuel 16: 14-2 Samuel 5: 10 ), and the " succession narrative " ( 2 Samuel 9-20 and 1 Kings 1-2 ).

Some sources say that the city may have been named after the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca, who was supposed to have founded the city in the 3rd century BC.

Roman Dutch common law relies on legal principles set out in Roman law sources such as Justinian's Institutes and Digest, and also on the writing of Dutch jurists of the 15th century such as Grotius and Voet.

This code, from the 20th century BCE, contains some fifty articles, and scholars have reconstructed it by comparing several sources.

He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which was in use well into the second half of the 20th century, and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner and outer ( magnetospheric ) sources of Earth's magnetic field.

However, other sources suggest that the only time the entire lake froze over in the 20th century was in 1912.

A similar belief was attributed by some ancient sources to Diogenes Apolloniates ( late 5th century BCE ), who also linked air with intelligence and soul ( psyche ), but other sources claim that his arche was a substance between air and fire.

The Cimbri were annihilated, although some may have survived to return to the homeland where a population with this name was residing in northern Jutland in the 1st century AD, according to the sources quoted above.

; 20th century sources

; 19th century sources

While Scandinavian sagas describe events in 9th century Britain, their value as sources of historical narrative, rather than documents of social history, is disputed.