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In 1551 the Council of Trent definitively declared: " Because Christ our Redeemer said that it was truly his body that he was offering under the species of bread 6: 51, it has always been the conviction of the Church of God, and this holy Council now declares again, that by the consecration of the bread and wine there takes place a change of the whole substance of the bread into the substance of the body of Christ our Lord and of the whole substance of the wine into the substance of his blood.
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1551 and Council
At the Council of Trent, on 15 November 1551, the necessity for a second conversion after baptism was delineated:
Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).
The most comprehensive history is still Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent ( Geschichte des Konzils von Trient ) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent, The fight for a Council ( Vol I, 1951 ); The History of the Council of Trent The first Sessions in Trent ( 1545 – 1547 ) ( Vol II, 1957 ); The History of the Council of Trent Sessions in Bologna 1547 – 1548 and Trent 1551 – 1552 ( Vol III, 1970, 1998 ); The History of the Council of Trent Third Period and Conclusion ( Vol IV, 1976 ).
The Council of Trent in its thirteenth session ending October 11, 1551, defined transubstantiation as " that wonderful and singular conversion of the whole substance of the bread into the Body, and of the whole substance of the wine into the Blood – the species only of the bread and wine remaining – which conversion indeed the Catholic Church most aptly calls Transubstantiation ".
In 1551 the Council of Trent officially defined, with a minimum of technical philosophical language, that " by the consecration of the bread and wine there takes place a change of the whole substance of the bread into the substance of the body of Christ our Lord and of the whole substance of the wine into the substance of his blood.
Confinement to his house by order of the Council proved equally ineffectual ; and it was not until he had spent some weeks in the Fleet prison that the " father of nonconformity " consented to conform, and Hooper submitted to consecration with the legal ceremonies ( 8 March 1551 ).
The 1551 – 52 sessions convened by Pope Julius III at the Catholic Council of Trent restated and reaffirmed Catholic teaching and condemned anew the Protestant heresies.
His two short periods in Trento coincided with the first two sessions of the Council of Trent, 1546 – 48 and 1551 – 53.
After the Council of Trent the later cardinal Stanislaus Hosius ( 1551 – 79 ) held a diocesan synode ( 1565 ) and the same year the Jesuits came to Braunsberg.
* The Church Council of the Hundred Chapters ( 1551 ) ( Old Believers )
The dogma was affirmed repeatedly by the Roman Catholic Church and within Roman Catholic theology, e. g. at the Council of Lyon, 1274 ( Dz § 465 ); by Pope Benedict XII, 1341 ( Dz § 544 ); by Pope Clement VI, 1351 ( Dz § 574a ); at the Council of Constance, 1418 ( Dz § 583 ); at the Council of Florence, 1439 ( Dz § 698 ); by Pope Julius III at the Council of Trent, 1551 ( Dz § 874 ); by Pope Benedict XIV, 1743 ( Dz § 1469 ); by Pope Pius VI, 1794 ( Dz § 1529 ); and by Pope Leo XIII, 1887 ( Dz § 1919 ), inter alia.
He was soon ( February, 1551 ) sent down to Naples to inaugurate the Society's first college there, but after a few months was summoned by Ignatius to go back to the Council of Trent as theologian to pope Julius III.
The translation of supersubstantial bread has also been associated with the eucharist, e. g. by the Council of Trent ( 1551 ).
In 1551 Sleidanus went to the Council of Trent as representative from Strassburg, charged also with full powers to act for the imperial cities of Esslingen, Ravensburg, Reutlingen, Biberach and Lindau.
By November 22, 1550, Laynez arrived in Rome to prepare for the second period of the Council of Trent, which eventually opened on May 1, 1551.
1551 and Trent
Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III ( 1550 – 5 ), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552.
In 1551, at the request of the Emperor Charles V, he consented to the reopening of the council of Trent and entered into a league against the duke of Parma and Henry II of France ( 1547 – 59 ), but soon afterwards made terms with his enemies and suspended the meetings of the council ( 1553 ).
1551 and declared
The Italian War of 1551 – 1559, sometimes known as the Habsburg – Valois War, began when Henry declared war against Charles V with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs.
In 1551, Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis to the throne, declared war against Charles with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs.
1551 and Because
Because it had not accepted the Augsburg Interim ( 1548 ), the city, by the emperor's commands, was besieged ( 1550 – 1551 ) by Maurice, Elector of Saxony, but it retained its independence.
Because of this publication, his persistent nonconformism, and violations of the terms of his house arrest, Hooper was placed in Thomas Cranmer's custody at Lambeth Palace for two weeks by the Privy Council on January 13, 1551.
1551 and Christ
Pope Julius III, 1551: " There is, therefore, no room left for doubt that all the faithful of Christ in accordance with a custom always received in the Catholic Church offer in veneration the worship of latria which is due to the true God, to this most Holy Sacrament " ( Dz § 878 ).
He was also Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1551 and a canon of both Christ Church, Oxford and St. George's Chapel, Windsor ( 1540 – 1553 )
1551 and said
In 1551, Oda Nobuhide died unexpectedly and, during his funeral, Nobunaga was said to have acted outrageously, throwing the ceremonial incense at the altar.
Anne de Montmorency, so named, it is said, after his godmother Anne of Brittany, was the first to attain the ducal title ( 1551 ).
1551 and was
Evidence that curling existed in Scotland in the early 16th century includes a curling stone inscribed with the date 1511 ( uncovered along with another bearing the date 1551 ) when an old pond was drained at Dunblane, Scotland.
A rudimentary steam turbine device was described by Taqi al-Din in 1551 and by Giovanni Branca in 1629.
He returned to Yamaguchi in March, 1551, where he was permitted to preach by the daimyo of the province.
Later during the voyage, he stopped at Malacca on 27 December 1551, and was back in Goa by January, 1552.
Just one edition was produced from Lyon between 1548 and 1551.
From 1544 to 1551, Palestrina was organist of the principal church ( St. Agapito ) of his native city, and in 1551 he became maestro di cappella at the Cappella Giulia, the papal choir at St Peter's.
After the death of Francis, Alamanni enjoyed the confidence of his successor Henry II, and in 1551 was sent by him as his ambassador to Genoa.
Particularly important was the Italian composer Albert de Rippe ( 1500 – 1551 ), who worked in France and composed polyphonic fantasias of considerable complexity.
Muscat was taken by the Portuguese on 1 April 1515, and was held until 26 January 1650, although the Ottomans controlled Muscat between 1550 – 1551 and 1581 – 1588.
Year 1551 ( MDLI ) was a common year starting on Thursday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.
In 1551, he became Bishop of Exeter, but was deposed in 1553 after the succession of Queen Mary.
In June, 1551, he added a few psalms to the French version of the Psalms begun by Clément Marot, which was also very successful.
About the same time he published Passavantius,, a satire directed against Pierre Lizet, the former president of the Parliament of Paris, and principal originator of the " fiery chamber " ( chambre ardente ), who, at the time ( 1551 ) was abbot of St. Victor near Paris and publishing a number of polemical writings.
His father died when he was young, and so John, his two older brothers and his widowed mother struggled with poverty, moving around and living in various Castilian villages, with the last being Medina del Campo, to which he moved in 1551.
Felice later adopted Peretti as his family name in 1551, and was known as " Cardinal Montalto ".
A second printing was released in 1551 with 24 pages.
* Bhai Gurdas ( 1551 – 25 August 1636 ) who was a Punjabi Sikh writer, historian, missionary, and religious figure.
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