Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

Under Pope Paul V ( reigned 1605 – 1621 ), a major conflict arose between Venice and the Papacy.

Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Under the skilled leadership of Pope Alexander III, the alliance suffered many defeats but ultimately was able to deny the emperor a complete victory in Italy.

Under Pope Pius V, the Pope who in 1570 established the Tridentine Mass, included the feast ( but without the adjective " Immaculate ") in the Tridentine Calendar, but suppressed the existing special Mass for the feast, directing that the Mass for the Nativity of Mary ( with the word " Nativity " replaced by " Conception ") be used instead.

Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312.

Under the patronage of the Pope, Michelangelo experienced constant interruptions to his work on the tomb in order to accomplish numerous other tasks.

While works such as Susan Zuccotti's Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy ( 2000 ) and Michael Phayer's The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 – 1965 ( 2000 ) are critical of both Cornwell and Pius XII ; Ronald J. Rychlak's Hitler, the War and the Pope is critical as well but defends Pius XII in light of his access to most recent documents.

Under the influence of Charles of Anjou, he was elected Pope to succeed Innocent V on 12 July 1276 but died at Viterbo on 18 August 1276 from illness without ever having been ordained to the priesthood.

Under Pope Clement III and Pope Celestine III he was treasurer of the Roman Church, notably compiling the Liber Censuum, and served as acting Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198.

Under Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) he became bishop of Mondovi in Piedmont, but his opposition to that pontiff procured his dismissal from the palace and the abridgment of his authority as inquisitor.

Under Pope Benedict XIII ( 1724 – 30 ), the finances of the Papal States had been delivered into the hands of Cardinal Niccolò Coscia and other members of the curia, who had drained the financial resources of the see.

* July 21 – Under the pressure of the Bourbon courts, Pope Clement XIV suppresses the Society of Jesus ( brief Dominus ac Redemptor ).

Under pain of excommunication, no one was allowed to speak at that occasion, except when asked by the Pope.

Under a decree supposedly issued by Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, the Pope was granted secular authority over western Europe.

" Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ) he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.

Under the direction of Pope Leo X, he was ambassador to England and then papal nuncio in Spain, where he conceived a violent detestation of Spanish rule that affected the policies of his later papacy.

Under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted of the chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512.

His roles include Brutus in Julius Caesar ( 1953 ), Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel and The Desert Rats, the amoral valet turned spy in Joseph Mankiewicz's 5 Fingers, the declining actor in the first remake of A Star Is Born ( 1954 ), Captain Nemo in 20, 000 Leagues Under the Sea ( also 1954 ), a small town school teacher driven insane by the effects of cortisone in Bigger Than Life ( 1956 ), a suave master spy in North by Northwest ( 1959 ), a determined explorer in Journey to the Center of the Earth ( also 1959 ), Humbert Humbert in Stanley Kubrick's Lolita ( 1962 ), a river pirate who betrays Peter O ' Toole's character in Lord Jim ( 1965 ), the evil Doctor Polidori in Frankenstein: The True Story ( 1973 ), the vampire's servant, Richard Straker, in Salem's Lot, and surreal Royal Navy Captain Hughes in Yellowbeard ( 1983 ).

Under his authority as Pontifex Maximus, Gaius Julius Caesar introduced the calendar reform that created the Julian calendar, with a fault of less than a day per century, and which remained the standard till the Gregorian reform in the 16th century.

Under Sullivan, a reluctant and ineffectual principal, the NTSM failed to provide a satisfactory alternative to the Royal Academy, and by 1880 a committee of examiners comprising Charles Hallé, Sir Julius Benedict, Sir Michael Costa, Henry Leslie and Otto Goldschmidt reported that the school lacked " executive cohesion ".

Under the leadership of their hereditary prince Gaius Julius Civilis, an auxiliary officer in the Roman army, the Batavi managed to destroy two legions and inflict humiliating defeats on the Roman army.

Under the tutelage of Professor Julius von Wiesner of the University of Vienna, Chamberlain studied botany in Geneva, earning a Bacheliers en sciences ( BSc ) physiques et naturelles in 1881.

Under the Roman dominion, Aegilium Insula or Igillia Insula it was an important base in the Tyrrhenian Sea, and was cited briefly by Julius Caesar in his De Bello Civili, by Pliny, by Pomponius Mela, and by the fifth-century AD poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus, who celebrated Igilium's successful repulse of the Getae and safe harbor for Romans, in a time when Igilium's slopes were still wooded:

* Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night, Julius Caesar ( Under the name Rome at Dawn ), Much Ado About Nothing, The Winter's Tale and Hamlet

Under guidance from Janus Kristensen and Julius Tuomisto, a team consisting mainly of undergraduate students started to do research on BURP for applications in Finnish Small and Medium sized Enterprises and third level education.

Under his tutelage in the 1920s, and that of Julius Beresford, Thames reached new heights.

Under the Cronquist system of taxonomic classification of flowering plants Asteraceae was the only family in the group, but newer systems ( such as APG II and APG III ) have expanded it to eleven.

Under Title III, no individual may be discriminated against on the basis of disability with regards to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, leases ( or leases to ), or operates a place of public accommodation.

Under Title III of the ADA, all " new construction " ( construction, modification or alterations ) after the effective date of the ADA ( approximately July 1992 ) must be fully compliant with the Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines ( ADAAG ) found in the Code of Federal Regulations at 28 C. F. R., Part 36, Appendix " A ".

Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.

Under Michael VII Doukas Parapinakes ( 1071 – 1078 ) and Nikephoros III Botaneiates ( 1078 – 1081 ), he was also employed, along with his elder brother Isaac, against rebels in Asia Minor, Thrace, and in Epirus.

Under the rule of Charles III and his ministers – Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache and José Moñino, Count of Floridablanca – Spain embarked on a program of enlightened despotism that brought Spain a new prosperity in the middle of the 18th century.

Under the Controlled Substances Act ( CSA ) hydrocodone is listed as both a Schedule II and Schedule III substance depending on the formulation.

Under heavy guard, Alexander III and Maria made periodic trips from Gatchina to the capital to take part in official events.

Under the title, To Markos III ( supposedly named for a " rich uncle " of Spyropoulos who helped finance the album ), it was released in the UK on the Pye label in May 1970, though reportedly only 250 copies were pressed it was deleted shortly after.

Under pressure from Prince Jordan I of Capua, to whom he had also rendered important service, he was elected on 24 May 1086, taking the throne name of Victor III, but his consecration did not take place until 9 May 1087 owing to the presence of the Antipope Clement III in Rome.

Under Kahler, the women's basketball program reached the NCAA Division III Championship Tournament 14 times and played in the NCAA Women's Division III Basketball Championship game in 1988 and 1990.

Under Orson Desaix Munn III, grandson of Orson I, it had evolved into something of a " workbench " publication, similar to the twentieth century incarnation of Popular Science.

Under Arnuwanda III ( ca.

Under this provision, the Congress may create inferior courts under both Article III, Section 1, and Article I, Section 8.

Under General Assembly Resolution 194 ( III ), of 11 December 1948, other persons may be eligible for repatriation and / or compensation but are not necessarily eligible for relief under the UNRWA's working definition.

* Under the agreement, Philip III becomes king, but Perdiccas, as the regent, effectively becomes the ruler of Alexander's empire.

Under its terms, Edward III gives up his claim to the French throne and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais & Gascony.

Under its terms, King William III, childless, would be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants.

Under this will, he bequeathed the Duchy of Wrocław to Duke Henry III of Głogów, and Kraków-with the title of High Duke-to Przemysł II.