The culmination of Islamic dominance in the region occurred in 1557 when an Ottoman invasion during the time of Suleiman I and under Özdemir Pasha ( who had declared the province of Habesh in 1555 ) took the port city of Massawa and the adjacent city of Arqiqo, even taking Debarwa, then capital of the local ruler Bahr negus Yeshaq ( ruler of Midri Bahri ).

Portuguese discoveries and explorations from 1415 to 1543: first arrival places and dates ; main Portuguese spice trade routes in the Indian Ocean ( blue ); territories of the Portuguese Empire under the rule of King John III of Portugal | King John III ( 1521 – 1557 ) ( green )

The first Roman Index was printed in 1557 under the direction of Pope Paul IV ( 1555 – 1559 ), but then withdrawn for unclear reasons.

At Rome he joined the Congregation of the Oratory in 1557 under Philip Neri, and was ordained priest in 1564.

In 1557 the peace treaty reinstated the Appiani, with the exception of Portoferraio, given to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and the area of Orbetello, which became the State of Presidi under the Spanish control.

Tabinshwehti's successor Bayinnaung continued the policy of expansion, conquering Ava in 1555, nearer Shan states ( 1557 ), Lan Na ( 1558 ), Manipur ( 1560 ), Farther / Trans-Salween Shan states ( 1562 – 1563 ), Siam ( 1564, 1569 ), and Lan Xang ( 1574 ), and bringing much of western and central mainland Southeast Asia under his rule.

He translated, in 1557, Guevara's Reloj de Principes ( commonly known as Libro áureo ), a compendium of moral counsels chiefly compiled from the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, under the title of Diall of Princes.

In 1557, Myślenice came under the juristiction of Krakow castellans, who were much more concerned with their city.

In 1557 Howard's fleet transported a force under the command of the Earl of Pembroke to Calais.

Following the Duke's execution for treason in 1552, it was confiscated for the crown under Queen Mary, who briefly re-established the community there during 1557 to 1558.

A catechism was produced under the authority of Diogo Gomes, a Jesuit born in Kongo of Portuguese parents in 1557, but no version of it exists today.

All formerly independent Orthodox patriarchates, including the Serbian Patriarchate renewed in 1557, came under the authority of the Greek Orthodox Church.

It has a long tradition of winemaking under the Spanish, going back to 1557, but the industry has been influenced by more recent immigrants, notably Italians and also Germans.

The Serbian Patriarchate established in 1557 had a considerable part of the Ottoman Empire under its jurisdiction until it was taken over by the Greek Phanariotes in the 18th century.

He focused primarily on Greek history and published his work in 1557 under the title of Corpus Historiae Byzantinae, and was more a collection of Byzantine sources, rather than a comprehensive history.

From 1557 the town was rebuilt under the new margrave, George Frederick.

By the 1520s, the Archbishopric of Ohrid had managed to put practically the entire Serbian Church under its jurisdiction, however by intervention of Mehmed-paša Sokolović in 1557, the latter was renewed and reorganized.

This village is mentioned in the Ottoman defters in 1557 under the name Ucsak.

The earliest surviving records of the Scottish High Court of Admiralty date from 1557, convened under the authority of the Earl of Bothwell, in Edinburgh or Leith.

Much later the Fugger family lost a large portion of their wealth following three Spanish state bankruptcies ( 1557, 1560, 1575 ) under the reign of Philip II of Spain.

* 1557 – Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1619 )

* 1497 – Emperor Go-Nara of Japan ( d. 1557 )

* March 20 – Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor ( b. 1557 )

* Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor ( 24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619 ).

* January 26 – Emperor Go-Nara of Japan ( d. 1557 )

* 1557 — Macau given to Portugal by the Emperor of China as a reward for services rendered against the pirates who infested the China Sea.

The handover of Macau ( Macao ) to Portugal in 1557 by the Emperor of China ( as a reward for services rendered against the pirates who infested the South China Sea ) resulted in the first permanent European maritime trade post between Europe and China, with other European powers following suit over the next centuries, which caused the eventual demise of the Silk Road.

Matthias of Austria ( 24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619 ) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 ( as Matthias II ) and King of Bohemia from 1611.

Emperor Go-Nara ( 後奈良天皇 Go-Nara-tennō ) ( January 26, 1495 – September 27, 1557 ) was the 105th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

* Kōji 3, on the 5th day of the 9th month ( 1557 ): Emperor Go-Nara died at age 62.

As a general in the French army, Condé fought at the siege of Metz in 1552, when Francis, Duke of Guise successfully defended the city from the forces of Emperor Charles V, and again at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557.

Sebastian, known in Portugal as the Desired, was the son of the Infante Dom John ( son of John III of Portugal ) and Joanna, daughter of the Emperor Charles V. His father died before he was born, and he became king at the age of three after the death of his grandfather in 1557.

* September 27, 1557 ( Kōji 3, 5th day of the 9th month ): Emperor Go-Nara died at age 62.

) The drunk elephant was eliminated by the Emperor Go-Nara ( reigned 1526 – 1557 ), and it is assumed that the drop rule was introduced at about the same time, giving rise to shogi as we know it today.

Albert Alcibiades () ( 28 March 1522 – 8 January 1557 ) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, also known as Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

Agostino Carracci ( or Caracci ) ( 16 August 1557 – 22 March 1602 ) was an Italian painter and printmaker.

The first edition was printed at Venice in 1483 by Raynald de Novimagio in folio ; the latest at Paris, 1556, 1557.

It was published for the first time in Mantua in 1557.

During the medieval period and prior to the Ottoman occupation of Debarewa in 1557, Eritrea ’ s historical name was Bahre-Negash ( Kingdom of the Sea ).

It was created by Hendrick de Keyser in 1622, replacing a stone statue of 1557.

The second, with 289 further prophetic verses, was printed in 1557.

The publication in 1983 of Nostradamus's private correspondence and, during succeeding years, of the original editions of 1555 and 1557 discovered by Chomarat and Benazra, together with the unearthing of much original archival material revealed that much that was claimed about Nostradamus did not fit the documented facts.

Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (; 1499 / 1500, Brescia – 13 December 1557, Venice ) was an Italian mathematician, engineer ( designing fortifications ), a surveyor ( of topography, seeking the best means of defense or offense ) and a bookkeeper from the then-Republic of Venice ( now part of Italy ).

Year 1557 ( MDLVII ) was a common year starting on Friday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

Anne of Cleves (, ) ( 22 September 1515 – 16 July 1557 ) was a German noblewoman and the fourth wife of Henry VIII of England and as such she was Queen of England from 6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540.

In January 1557 Robert and Amy Dudley were allowed to repossess some of their former lands, and in March of the same year Dudley was at Calais where he was chosen to deliver personally to Queen Mary the happy news of her husband's return to England.

Mikael Agricola () ( c. 1510 – 9 April 1557 ) was a clergyman who became the de facto founder of written Finnish and a prominent proponent of the Protestant Reformation in Sweden ( including Finland ).

In 1557 he joined the delegation that was going to Russia and was in Moscow from 21 February to 24 March negotiating a peace treaty, the Treaty of Novgorod ( 1557 ).

Geble Pedersson ( c. 1490 — 1557 ) was the first Lutheran Bishop of Bergen and a man of broad humanistic views ; his adopted son, Absalon Pederssøn Beyer ( 1528 — 1575 ), followed in his footsteps as a humanist and a nationalist, writing an important historical work, Concerning the Kingdom of Norway ( 1567 ).

At the time of the Marian Persecutions of 1555 – 1557, Lewes was the site of the execution of seventeen Protestant martyrs, who were burned at the stake in front of the Star Inn.

Jacques Cartier ( December 31, 1491 – September 1, 1557 ) was a French explorer of Breton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France.

The initial copy took 17 months to transcribe and another copy was transcribed in 1557.

An altarpiece in Culemborg had been commissioned in 1557 from the painter Jan Dey, was then destroyed in 1566 and in 1570 recommissioned from Dey, apparently as a copy of the first.

The town proper was established by an act of Parliament during the reign of Queen Mary in 1557.