* Klaus Christiern Horn of Åminne ( acting ) ( August 1561 )

His name first occurs in 1554 as acting at Benavente, and between 1558 and 1561 he was manager of a strolling company which visited Segovia, Seville, Toledo, Madrid, Valencia and Córdoba.

Equally proficient in mathematics and geography as well as classical languages, he produced the first woodcut map of Silesia made on the basis of surveys and data collected from local inhabitants, which he published in 1561 under the title " Silesiae Typus " and dedicated to Nicolaus II.

In 1561, Martial de Loménie, secretary of state for finances under King Charles IX, became lord of Versailles.

In 1560 under admiral Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn this admiralty was relocated near Ghent and in 1561 the Habsburg naval forces were also moved to Veere.

Estonia placed itself under Swedish rule in 1561 to receive protection against Russia and Poland as the Livonian Order lost their foothold in the Baltic provinces.

In contrast to Swedish Estonia, which had submitted to Swedish rule voluntarily in 1561 and where traditional local laws remained largely untouched, the uniformity policy was applied in Swedish Livonia under Karl XI of Sweden: serfdom was abolished, peasants were offered education as well as military, administrative or ecclesiastical careers, and nobles had to transfer domains to the king in the Great Reduction.

Early in 1561, the allied forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga defeated the army of the Imagawa clan in western Mikawa province, encouraging the Saigo clan of east Mikawa, already chafing under Imagawa control, to defect to Ieyasu's command.

He rose through the ranks of the Ottoman imperial system, eventually holding positions as commander of the imperial guard ( 1543 – 1546 ), High Admiral of the Fleet ( 1546 – 1551 ), Governor-General of Rumelia ( 1551 – 1555 ), Third Vizier ( 1555 – 1561 ), Second Vizier ( 1561 – 1565 ) and as Grand Vizier ( 1565 – 1579 ) ( for a total of 14 years, 3 months, 17 days ) under three Sultans: Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III.

The first mention of Simeon in the sources is a reference to a certain Sail-Bulat in the Supplement to the Nikon Chronicle under 1561 as being in the entourage of his aunt, Princess Kochenei, when she married Ivan IV.

In 1561 this encomienda was revoked and laid under the Spanish Crown directly, and in the Relacion Geográfica from 1665 this " realengo " appears to be administrated by corregidor Cristóbal Martínez de Maldonado.

A work published under the name of L. Fenestella ( De magistratibus et sacerdotiis Romanorum, 1510 ) is really by A. D. Fiocchi, canon and papal secretary, and was subsequently published as by him ( under the Latinized form of his name, Floccus ), edited by Aegidius Witsius ( 1561 ).

From 1561 until 1603 Anhalt-Dessau was under the rule of the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, and in 1603 Anhalt-Dessau was recreated and it was raised to a duchy in 1807.

Either in a pre-existent chapel, or one that was constructed, the new parish began function around 1561, under its first paster, Father Tomé Gomes.

* Nagao Fujikage ( dates unknown ) fought under Kenshin at the fourth battle of Kawanakajima in 1561.

Then, under the Aragonese domination, followed the Gesualdo family ( 1561 ); amongst their number was the famous prince, musician and murderer Carlo Gesualdo.

A compendium by Jacob Marcaria was published under the title Kitzur Mizrachi ( Trento, 1561 ), and later, one by Isaac ha-Kohen of Ostrog, entitled Mattenat ' Ani ( Prague, 1604-9 ).

With Anhalt-Dessau it was inherited by Prince Joachim Ernest of Anhalt-Zerbst in 1561, who unified all Anhalt lands under his rule in 1570.

This process continued for three centuries, with formal procedures set out in 1561 to issue letters patent to any new industry, allowing monopolies.

It is believed that he was conspiring against Chokei during this period, from 1561 to 1563 three of Chokei's brothers and his son Yoshioki died.

* Odysseus: The hero of Homer's epic, named in three other plays – he is presented here as a benchmark for spooky bloodlust ( line 1561 ).

His Introdutione facilissima et novissima de canto ferma ( Rome, 1553, and again at Venice, 1561 ), contains an introduction to music, a section on improvised counterpoint, and his views on the three genera.

Jasper Heywood, SJ ( 1535 – 9 January 1598 ), son of John Heywood, translated into English three plays of Seneca, the Troas ( 1559 ), the Thyestes ( 1560 ) and Hercules Furens ( 1561 ).

Sten Sture the younger's son Svante Stensson Sture was elevated in 1561 to comital rank, becoming 1st Count Sture of Bogesund and / or Stegeholm.

He was also ruler of Estonia, after its conquest by Sweden in 1561.

One of the oldest, icons with the bust of Saint George dates from the 12th century and was transferred to Moscow by Tsar Ivan IV on the conquest of the city of Veliky Novgorod in 1561.

In 1561, Motoyasu openly broke with the Imagawa and captured the fortress of Kaminojo.

In September 1561, Uesugi Kenshin left his Kasugayama fortress with 18, 000 warriors, determined to destroy Takeda Shingen.

* 1518 – Conrad Lycosthenes, French-German humanist and encyclopedist ( d. 1561 )

* 1561 – An 18-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

* 1561 – Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer ( d. 1632 )

* 1561 – Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.

* 1656 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist ( b. 1561 )

The archbishops of Riga were also the secular rulers of Riga until 1561 when during the reformation the territory converted from Catholicism to Lutheranism and all church territories were secularized.

Similarly, the influences of philosophers such as Sir Francis Bacon ( 1561 – 1626 ) and René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), who demanded more rigor in mathematics and in removing bias from scientific observations, led to a scientific revolution.

In another move, which would destroy Hispaniola's sugar industry, in 1561 Havana, more strategically located in relation to the Gulf Stream, was selected as the designated stopping point for the merchant flotas, which had a royal monopoly on commerce with the Americas.

* 1561 – Sir Edwin Sandys, English colonial settler ( d. 1629 )

Its use in English dates back to at least 1561.

When Mary returned to Scotland in 1561 to take up the reins of power, the country had an established Protestant church and was run by a council of Protestant nobles supported by Elizabeth.

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban, Kt., KC ( 22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626 ) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and author.

Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon by his second wife Anne ( Cooke ) Bacon, the daughter of noted humanist Anthony Cooke.

* 1561 – Menno Simons, Dutch Mennonite leader ( b. 1496 )

* 1561 – Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz.

* 1561 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish poet ( d. 1627 )

* 1561 – Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern ( d. 1589 )

The Belgic Confession of 1561, a Dutch confession of faith, was partly based on the Gallic Confession.

* 1561 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher ( d. 1626 )

* 1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated.

* 1561 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician ( d. 1656 )

Caspar ( or Kaspar ) Schwen ( c ) kfeld von Ossig ( 1489 or 1490 – 10 December 1561, Ulm ) was a German theologian, writer, and preacher who became a Protestant Reformer and spiritualist, one of the earliest promoters of the Protestant Reformation in Silesia.

In 1561, Schwenckfeld became sick with dysentery, and gradually grew weaker until he died in Ulm on the morning of December 10, 1561.