Conditions improved in Tórshavn when the trade monopoly became a royal monopoly in 1709.

The word “ club ,” in the sense of an association to promote good-fellowship and social intercourse, became common in England at the time of Tatler and The Spectator ( 1709 – 1712 ).

# Charles Fitzroy ( 1662 – 1730 ), created Duke of Southampton ( 1675 ), became 2nd Duke of Cleveland ( 1709 )

In 1709 Steele began to bring out Tatler, to which Addison became almost immediately a contributor: thereafter he ( with Steele ) started The Spectator, the first number of which appeared on 1 March 1711.

After a visit to Reland in Utrecht he returned to Groningen ( 1708 ); then, having taken his degree in theology ( 1709 ), he returned to Leiden, and devoted himself to the study of the manuscript collections there until 1711, when he became pastor at Wassenaer.

In the early 18th century the town entered a period of expansion as iron working became easier and cheaper with the transition ( beginning in 1709 ) from charcoal to coke as a means of smelting iron.

In 1709, he became a Jesuit.

Even Madame de Maintenon became hostile to him, and he was dismissed from his position on 9 June 1709, retiring to his estates.

Some years later, as the question of the succession became more urgent, Francesco Maria de ' Medici, Cosimo III's brother and a Cardinal, was released from his vows and coerced into marrying the incumbent Duke of Guastalla's elder daughter, Eleanor, in 1709.

Henry died in January 1709, and his son, another Henry, became 2nd Lord Herbert of Cherbury of the second creation.

After this work's triumphant premiere at the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo in Venice, on 26 December 1709, Handel became, says biographer P. H. Lang, " world famous and the idol of a spoiled and knowledgeable audience ".

He became the manager of Henry Sacheverell's impeachment in 1709.

For more information on this creation, which became extinct in 1709, see the Baron Dormer.

In 1709, when the Hotaki dynasty rose to power in Kandahar and defeated the Persian Safavids, Bamyan was under the Mughal Empire until Ahmad Shah Durrani made it become part of his new Durrani Empire, which became to what is now the modern state of Afghanistan.

Until 1709, when Ienobu became shogun, it is thought that Hakuseki gave him 2000 lectures on the Chinese classics and Confucianism.

In 1701, during the Great Northern War, the Swedish army invaded Kuldīga Castle and in 1709 it became uninhabitable, but in the 19th century the castle ruins were relocated.

In 1675 he was created Duke of Southampton and upon the death of his mother in 1709 he became 2nd Duke of Cleveland, by a special remainder in the Dukedom which allowed it to pass to him, even though he was illegitimate.

Thomas Pitt became the President of Madras on 7 July 1698, negotiations with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in the Red Fort were entrusted to none other than Thomas Pitt, he successfully ended the Child's War by persuading the Mughal Grand Vizier Asad Khan to put an end to the hostilities that had begun and thus remained in his post till 1709.

This knowledge was passed on to European settlers, and Litopenaeus setiferus became the subject of the earliest shrimp fishery in the United States, with commercial fishery for L. setiferus starting as early as 1709.

Her brother, who became the Prince of Condé in 1709, died the next year not having helped his sister marry.

The War of the Spanish Succession soon followed, and Traun served with distinction in Italy and on the Rhine till 1709, when he became lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp to Field Marshal Count Guido Starhemberg ( 1654 – 1737 ) in Spain.

In the Third Northern War Poznań was again occupied by a Swedish army, from 1703 – 1709, and became the main centre of the pro-Swedish movement in the country.

However, all the titles became extinct on his death in 1709.

Trade was diverted as the Stour became navigable as far as Sudbury in 1709.

* Johann Georg Gmelin ( 1709 – 1755 ), botany

In 1702 the latter was transferred to the chair of medicine at Leiden University, and it was there that Bernhard Siegfried began his studies in 1709, at the age of 12, having for his teachers such men as Boerhaave and Nikolaus Bidloo.

Alexander Mavrocordatos (; 1636 – 1709 ) was a member of the Greek Mavrocordatos family, a doctor of philosophy and medicine of the University of Bologna, and dragoman to Sultan Mehmed IV in 1673 — notably employed in negotiations with the Habsburg Monarchy during the Great Turkish War.

In that post, he also worked as an engineer, being appointed Superintendent of Water for the Duchy, and in that capacity he was involved in the drainage of the Chiana Valley. In 1709 he visited England where he clearly impressed his colleagues there, as he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

The public test of the machine, which was set for June 24, 1709, did not take place.

In its heyday, between 1709 and 1859 Swineford had an active brass and copper industry around the Swineford Lock which were served by the river which also provided water power for the cloth industry, as did the River Boyd, a tributary which flows into the Avon near Bitton.

The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the Whigs in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709.

The reign of Queen Anne ( 1702-1714 ) did not produce any two guinea coins until after the Union of England and Scotland, the coins being produced in 1709, 1711, 1713 and 1714.

During the worst times of the war of the Spanish Succession she was the real head of the Bourbon party, and was well aided by Princess Maria Luisa of Savoy, the spirited young queen of Philip V. She did not hesitate to quarrel even with such powerful personages as the Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, Portocarrero, when they proved hostile, but she was so far from offending the pride of the nation, that when in 1709 Louis the XIV, severely pressed by the allies, threatened, or pretended, to desert the cause of his grandson, she dismissed all Frenchmen from the court and threw the king on the support of the Castilians.

Shaftesbury had made the journey two years prior to Dennis but did not publish his comments until 1709 in the Moralists.

For the 1778 and 1779 versions, Billings did choose lyrics: the first stanza of Hymn # 39 of the first volume of hymns ( 1709 ) by the famous English hymnodist Isaac Watts.

After 1709, the heads of the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon ranked as the premier princes du sang-this meant that the dukes could be addressed as Monsieur le Prince ( a style they did not, however, use ) and that, should there be no heir to the crown of France in the king's immediate family, then the Orléans family would ascend the throne by right.

Wilks, Thomas Dogget, Cibber, and Mrs. Oldfield did not join in the petition ; they had formed an agreement to join Swiney at the Haymarket, where they opened with Othello on 15 September 1709.

His rebuilding of his hôtel in rue Nôtre-Dame-des-Champs, c. 1769 – 74, was the last commission of Antoine-Mathieu Le Carpentier ( 1709 – 1773 ), who did not live to see its completion.

Thus, Peter did not become a full general until after his victory at Poltava in 1709, and did not become full admiral until the conclusion of the Great Northern War more than a decade later25 August 1758, following 2 hours of bombardment, the Prussian left engaged the Russians in what quickly became a murderous exchange of volleys.

In a 1709 diary entry William Byrd II, who is credited as the founder of Richmond, and had purchased of land in the area where coal was found, noted that " the coaler found the coal mine very good and sufficient to furnish several generations.

He replaced mandatory military service among the middle class with an annual tax, established primary schools, and resettled East Prussia ( which had been devastated by the plague in 1709 ).

Around 1707 – 1708 he entered the service of Duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxe-Eisenach, becoming Konzertmeister on 24 December 1708 and Secretary and Kapellmeister in August 1709.

After this, nothing is known of Scarlatti's life until 1709, when he went to Rome in the service of the exiled Polish queen Marie Casimire.

In 1709, George resigned as Field Marshal, never to go on active service again.

In 1709, he married Mary Allamby, and engaged in some level of militia service.