The first ten volumes ( 1819 – 1824 ) were published under the joint editorship of Brewster and Jameson, the remaining four volumes ( 1825 – 1826 ) being edited by Jameson alone.

In 1819, the Kashmir valley passed from the control of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan, and four centuries of Muslim rule under the Mughals and the Afghans, to the conquering armies of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh of Lahore.

When the US markets collapsed in the Panic of 1819 – a result of global economic adjustments – the central bank came under withering criticism for its belated tight money policies – policies that exacerbated mass unemployment and plunging property values.

The US Supreme Court had affirmed the constitutionality of the Bank under McCulloch v. Maryland, the 1819 case which Daniel Webster had argued successfully on its behalf a decade earlier, the US Treasury recognized the useful services it provided, and the American currency was healthy and stable.

In May 1819, Captain Arent de Peyster ( or Peyter ) of New York, as captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, while on a voyage from Valparaíso to India, passed through the southern Tuvalu waters ; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician, Edward Ellice, the Member of Parliament for Coventry and the owner of the Rebecca's cargo.

* 1819 –, the first vessel to cross the Atlantic Ocean partly under steam power, arrives at Liverpool, England from Savannah, Georgia.

In May 1819, still under orders from the Prince Regent, he left Vienna for Rome to paint Pope Pius VII and Cardinal Consalvi.

The 1819 estimate was under five feet, while the 1959 estimate was 5 ' ( 152 cm ) tall.

Just alongside Burlington House is one of London's most luxurious shopping areas, the Burlington Arcade, which has housed shops under its glass-roofed promenade since 1819.

Illinois, a free state, had been free as a territory under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, and had prohibited slavery in its constitution in 1819 when it was admitted as a state.

Many of his sermons were published posthumously under the titles Theology Explained and Defended ( 5 vols., 1818 – 1819 ), to which a memoir of the author by two of his sons, W. T. and Sereno E. Dwight, is prefixed, and Sermons by Timothy Dwight ( 2 vols., 1828 ), which had a large circulation both in the United States and in England.

It became under the rule of Spain in the 18th century, very close to the boundary of Spanish and French territory ( although this boundary was carried upward a bit in 1819 ; see Adams-Onís Treaty.

But the desire for greater political freedom did not entirely fade away under the constitution of 1819, and after 1830 a certain amount of unrest occurred.

The British establishment of Singapore on the Malaya Peninsula in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles exacerbated the tension between the two nations, especially as the Dutch claimed that the treaty signed between Raffles and the Sultan of Johore was invalid, and that the Sultanate of Johore was under the Dutch sphere of influence.

Müller's works were published under the care of his brother Johann Georg Müller ( 1759 – 1819 ), pupil of Johann Gottfried Herder, at Tübingen, in 27 vols.

Notable editorial cartoons include Benjamin Franklin's " Join, or Die " ( 1754 ), on the need for unity in the American colonies ; " The Thinkers Club " ( 1819 ), a response to the surveillance and censorship of universities in Germany under the Carlsbad Decrees ; and E. H. Shepard's " The Goose-Step " ( 1936 ), on the rearmament of Germany under Hitler.

When he published the first edition ( 1819 ) he was still under the influence of Schelling ; the second edition ( 1827 ) marked his change of view.

Piccadilly Circus was created in 1819, at the junction with Regent Street, which was then being built under the planning of John Nash on the site of a house and garden belonging to a Lady Hutton.

It was published in Vienna in 1819 under the pseudonym " Obadiah ben Pethahiah ".

" Ode to a Nightingale " is a poem by John Keats written in May 1819 in either the garden of the Spaniards Inn, Hampstead, or, as according to Keats ' friend Charles Armitage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of Keats House, Hampstead, London.

Fragments of his writings were published by Cramer, under the title of Sibyllinische Blätter des Magus aus Norden ( 1819 ), and a complete edition by Roth ( 7 vols., 1821-25, with a volume of additions and explanations by Wiener, 1843 ).

Jonathan Jennings was the first Governor to have an attempted impeachment brought against him in response to his actions as an agent of the federal government during the negotiations of the Treaty of St. Mary's in 1819, illegal under Indiana's constitution.

In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, which challenged New Hampshire's 1816 attempt to amend the College's royal charter to make the school a public university.

Wollaston also served on a royal commission that opposed adoption of the metric system ( 1819 ), and one that created the imperial gallon.

* Éloges historiques des membres de l ' Académie royale des sciences, lus dans les séances de l ' Institut royal de France par M. Cuvier ( 3 volumes, 1819 – 1827 ) Vol.

The art world developed a new appreciation for Velázquez's less Italianate paintings after 1819, when Ferdinand VII opened the royal collection to the public.

After he married his second wife Lady Frances Anne Vane-Tempest, daughter and heiress of Sir Henry Vane-Tempest, on 3 April 1819, Lord Londonderry took the surname of Vane, by royal licence, and used his new bride's immense wealth to acquire the Seaham Hall estate in County Durham with a view to developing the coal fields there.

Dingras was one of the earliest settlement in the solid Province of Ilocos Norte before it was divided into Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur in 1819 by the royal Cedula on February 2, 1818.

From 1819 to 1830 in collaboration with Jean-François-Joseph Lecointe he directed the royal fêtes and ceremonials, for which elaborate temporary structures were required, a post with a long history, which the two architects inherited from Bélanger.

She was the eldest grandchild and heiress of Robert Child, principal shareholder of the banking firm Child & Co. Lord Jersey added the surname Child to the Villiers surname by royal license in 1819.

Elmwood, also known as the Oliver-Gerry-Lowell House, is a registered historic house in Cambridge, Massachusetts, known for its several prominent former residents, including: Andrew Oliver ( 1706 – 74 ), royal Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts ; Elbridge Gerry ( 1744 – 1814 ), signer of the US Declaration of Independence and whose political tactics earned the term gerrymandering, and Vice President of the United States ; and James Russell Lowell ( 1819 – 1891 ), noted American writer, poet, and foreign diplomat.

In 1819 the royal connection to Coventry Park, Cheylemore park finally ended when the Prince of Wales sold the estate to the Marquis of Hertford.

He was given command of the 78-gun in August 1819 as a commodore, and served as Commander-in-Chief on the South American Station until 1824, where he prevented the Spanish interfering in the newly emerging republics of Mexico, Colombia and Argentina.

By 1819, José María Barreiro, who was in charge of the royalist troops in Nueva Granda, counted with at least 4, 500 trained soldiers at his command ( without including the troops scattered throughout the region ).

Somerville Island ( 74 ° 44 ' N, 96 ° 10 ' W ), a small island in Barrow Strait, Nunavut, was named after her by Sir William Edward Parry in 1819 during the first of the four Arctic expeditions under his command.

Promoted to Captain in 1813, he commanded Congress in 1817 ; served in Washington in 1818 ; and, in 1819, was placed in command of the Norfolk Station where, in 1821, he established a naval school on the schoolship Guerriere.

By 1819, Santander was given command of the republican army's vanguard by Bolívar during the campaign to liberate New Granada.

The Singapore Police Force has a heritage almost as old as that of modern Singapore, having been formed in 1819 with a skeleton force of 11 men under the command of Francis James Bernard, son-in-law of William Farquhar.

The Greater Colombian Army is consolidated on August 7, 1819 by defeating the Spaniards at Boyacá in the Battle of Boyacá under the command of Simon Bolivar.

In 1819 Brewster undertook further editorial work by establishing, in conjunction with Robert Jameson ( 1774 – 1854 ), the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, which took the place of the Edinburgh magazine.

The main commerce that kept the little village alive in its earliest years, was the grain-shipping industry, as well as being a very early shipbuilding port beginning in 1819.

J. W. Johnston who built a home nearby in 1819 wrote of finding the remains of a very old cabin along the Shohola Creek.

From this support the movement for provincial eisteddfodau developed and in 1819, he was very keen to establish such a provincial eisteddfod in Carmarthen.

For example, the Army's steamboat " Western Engineer " of 1819 combined a very shallow draft with one of the earliest stern wheels.

Samuel Marsden planted 100 vines on 25 September 1819 and noted in his journal that New Zealand promised to be very favourable to the vine.

White was described as a very cautious banker, and his bank was one of the few in the state to survive the Panic of 1819.

The United States was still struggling with the aftermath of the Panic of 1819, and soaring land prices within the United States made the Mexican land policy seem very generous.

" The Travellers Club, from its foundation in 1819, has excluded from membership anyone who has not met a very specific travelling requirement.

The development of Schopenhauer's ideas took place very early in his career ( 1814 – 1818 ) and culminated in the publication of the first volume of Will and Representation in 1819.

At the very moment of landing, Raffles must have realised the importance of the river for, in the same year of 1819, the north bank was drained for government buildings and, in 1822, the south bank was reclaimed and a retaining wall and steps were built.

The United States was still struggling with the aftermath of the Panic of 1819, and soaring land prices within the United States made the Mexican land policy seem very generous.

Strickland also executed works in other styles, including very early American work in the Gothic Revival style, including his Masonic Hall ( 1808 – 11, burned 1819 ) and his Saint Stephen's Church ( 1823 ), both in Philadelphia.

Interestingly, very shortly after the 1818 collapse ( between 1819 and 1820 ) another bridge, the Union Bridge, was built further downstream.

Casti is best known as the author of the Novelle galanti, and of Gli Animali parlanti, a poetical allegory, over which he spent eight years ( 1794-1802 ), which excited so much interest that it was translated into French, German and Spanish, and ( very freely and with additions ) into English, in W. S. Rose's Court and Parliament of Beasts ( Lond, 1819 ).