In June 1857, they formed an " Unregistered Words Committee " to search for unlisted and undefined words lacking in current dictionaries.

In 1857 the French established a military post at Ndakaaru ( which they called " Dakar ") and annexed the Lebou Republic, though its institutions continued to function nominally.

Although unpopular at first they proved very successful in cutting crime in London, and by 1857 all cities in the UK were obliged to form their own police forces.

A katorga ( penal colony ) was established by Russia on Sakhalin in 1857, but the southern part of the island was held by the Japanese until the 1875 Treaty of Saint Petersburg ( 1875 ), when they ceded it to Russia in exchange for the Kuril Islands.

The Zoutpansberg Boers formed a semi-independent community, and in 1857 Stephanus Schoeman, their commandant-general, sided against Marthinus Pretorius and Paul Kruger when they invaded the Orange Free State.

In 1857, they settled on the Pawnee Reservation along the Loup River in present-day Nance County, Nebraska, but managed to keep their regular pattern of life.

Over the following months, other groups were forced to leave until by May, 1857 almost all of the Shasta, Takelma, and Latgawas tribes had been relocated to the Siletz Reservation, where they remained.

When introduced in 1857 / 8 it was divided into ten areas with codes indicating the areas they covered: EC, WC, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW.

However, in 1857, the Pawnee signed a treaty whereunder they gave up the bulk of their Nebraska lands, save for a reservation on what is now Nance County, Nebraska.

From 1820 to 1857, the site was marked by two stones, with the names Hamilton and Burr, placed where they were thought to have stood during the duel.

Tivoli's founder, Georg Carstensen ( b. 1812 – d. 1857 ), obtained a five-year charter to create Tivoli by telling King Christian VIII that " when the people are amusing themselves, they do not think about politics ".

Queen Victoria issued letters patent in 1857 giving legal foundation to the senate, and other authorities specific to the university – but the high court held in 1888 that these dealt with " not the incorporation of the University of Dublin but of its Senate merely ", the judge noting pointedly, referring to the founding of University College Dublin, that " The advisers of Queen Victoria knew how to incorporate a University when they meant to do so.

Although the British were delayed by the Indian Rebellion of 1857, they followed up the Arrow Incident in 1856 and attacked Guangzhou from the Pearl River.

He printed other volumes of verse, among which the Odes funambulesques ( 1857 ) received unstinted praise from Victor Hugo, to whom they were dedicated.

The arrival of the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway at Stratford sealed its fate, and when the company failed to sell the navigation to local landowners for £ 150, they effectively abandoned it in 1857.

After the college was reconstituted in 1857 most of the boys were day-boys but provision was made for boarders, and the Governors licensed three boarding houses to be kept by respectable ladies in the village ( hence they were then known as dames ' houses ).

But since the Mutiny ( 1857 ), an outer enclosure has been put up in front of the Masjid and the Hindus forbidden access to the inner yard, make the offerings on a platform ( chabootra ), which they have raised in the outer one.

In the spring of 1857, Miller took part in an expedition against the Pit River Tribe after they killed a white man on Pit River.

As the trial of Hall's assassin dominated the scene and with his earlier mentor Cunningham having moved back to Marion following the land office's closing in 1856, and Logan's move to Benton, Illinois, after his marriage that fall, Ingersoll and his brother moved to Peoria, Illinois, where they finally settled in 1857.

In 1857, they had also built their first carriage —" Fancy, hand-worked iron trim, the kind of courting buggy any boy and girl would be proud to be seen in ".

She married Sir William Wilde on 12 November 1851, and they had three children: William ' Willie ' Charles Kingsbury Wilde ( 1852 – 1899 ), Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), and Isola Francesca Emily Wilde ( 1857 – 1867 ).

The principle of operation was described by the Italian inventors Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci in their British Patent no 1625 of 1857, though they never produced a marketable example.

Like all U. S. stamps until 1857, they were imperforate.

Franz Joseph accepted and they left in early spring 1857.

In March 1857, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford ; Chief Justice Roger B. Taney opined that blacks were not citizens, and derived no rights from the Constitution.

Secret ballots were introduced, and a bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109, 917 people lived in the province.

After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, in 1858 the powers of the Company were transferred to the British Crown and the Governor-General of India.

The King's Library, on the ground floor of the East Wing, was handed over in 1827, and was described as one of the finest rooms in London although it was not fully open to the general public until 1857, however, special openings were arranged during The Great Exhibition of 1851.

Infill galleries were constructed for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room, with space for a million books, opened in 1857.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared U. S. currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 – 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States.

" " From 288 slaves that entered the Calabouço jail during the years 1857 and 1858, 80 ( 31 %) were arrested for capoeira, and only 28 ( 10. 7 %) for running away.

" In 1857 baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares.

James Stirling, a British writer who visited the Southern United States in 1857, described the distinction between slaves who were house servants and slaves who were field hands in his book, Letters from the Slave States:

Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic decline.

The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence.

The Indian people were outraged, and on May 10, 1857, sepoys marched to Delhi, and, with the help of soldiers stationed there, captured it.

The children were: Jenny Caroline ( m. Longuet ; 1844 – 83 ); Jenny Laura ( m. Lafargue ; 1845 – 1911 ); Edgar ( 1847 – 1855 ); Henry Edward Guy (" Guido "; 1849 – 1850 ); Jenny Eveline Frances (" Franziska "; 1851 – 52 ); Jenny Julia Eleanor ( 1855 – 98 ) and one more who died before being named ( July 1857 ).

His own writing continued with four ( of a planned ten ) volumes of Natural History of the United States which were published from 1857 to 1862.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

By 1857, Pittsburgh's 1, 000 factories were consuming 22, 000, 000 bushels of coal yearly.