In mid-April 1859, United States troops of the Expedition of the Colorado, led by Lieutenant Colonel William Hoffman, moved upriver into Mojave country, with the well-publicized objective of establishing a military post on the river.

In 1859, following complaints of Pawnee depredations against settlers in the Elkhorn River valley, a combined force of Nebraska Territorial Militia under the command of General John Milton Thayer and 2nd U. S. Army Dragoons under Lieutenant Beverly Holcombe Robertson prepared to attack a Pawnee village.

From 1859 until his death he was also Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire.

He reported on the Botany of the Mexican Boundary Survey ( 1859 ), that of the expedition upon the Colorado River under Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives ( 1861 ), and, in association with Asa Gray, the botanical collections of the Wilkes exploring expedition.

* August 29-Lionel Herbert Clarke, businessman and Lieutenant Governor of Ontario ( b. 1859 )

He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859.

Carlisle served under Lord Melbourne as Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1835 and 1841, under Lord John Russell as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests from 1846 to 1850 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1850 to 1852 and under Lord Palmerston as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1855 to 1858 and again from 1859 to 1864.

Charles Murray Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart GCB ( Walton-on-the-Naze 21 December 1783 – 16 July 1859 St Leonards-on-Sea ), styled Lord Greenock between 1814 and 1843, was a British Army general who became Governor General of the Province of Canada and Lieutenant Governor of Canada West ( 26 November 1845 – 30 January 1847 ).

On 12 May 1859 the Government authorised the Lords Lieutenant to raise volunteer corps under the Yeomanry and Volunteer Consolidation Act ( 1804 ) in response to belligerent overturns towards expressed by the French against the British.

U. S. Navy Lieutenant John M. Brooke, sailing on the naval schooner Fenimore Cooper, formally took possession of French Frigate Shoals for the United States on 14 January 1859, in accordance with the Guano Islands Act.

In 1857 – 58 he acted as geologist to an expedition headed by Lieutenant Joseph Christmas Ives, sent out to explore the Colorado River, and he served as naturalist on an expedition in 1859 under Captain Macombe, which explored southwestern Colorado and adjacent parts of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, finding the remains of the dinosaur Dystrophaeus.

It was briefly the residence of the Lieutenant Governor of the Bailiwick of Guernsey and hosted Queen Victoria and Prince Albert during their visit to Guernsey in 1859, and the Duke of Cambridge in 1862.

In the 1859 general elections, Downey was elected Lieutenant Governor, overcoming the party split within the Democratic Party between Lecompton and Anti-Lecompton Democrats, as well as seeing off a challenge from the infant Republican Party.

Five days after Downey was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor, Governor Milton Latham resigned after appointing himself ( with the support of the State Legislature ) to fill the federal Senate vacancy left by the death of David C. Broderick, killed in a duel earlier in 1859.

In 1859, Lee was commissioned a full First Lieutenant.

Elected to the State Assembly in the 1853-54 and 1860-61 sessions, Conness was nominated as the Anti-Lecompton Democratic candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 1859 and the Union Democratic candidate for Governor in the 1861 election.

Boyd was elected the 16th Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1859 but died shortly thereafter.

From 1859 Gooch lived at Clewer Park in Windsor and was a Deputy Lieutenant for Berkshire.

He attained the ranks of Master in 1859 and Lieutenant in February 1861, on the eve of the Civil War.

In 1856 and 1857, Hayden accompanied exploration expeditions led by Lieutenant G. K. Warren and in 1859, the Raynolds Expedition of 1860 led by Captain William F. Raynolds, both of the Topographical Engineers.

He was elected to serve as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan from 1859 to 1861, and made a widely published speech on the " Prohibition of Slavery in the Territories ".

In 1859 he was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the 17th Lancers.

Because Lieutenant Governor Linn Boyd had died in office in 1859, Speaker of the Senate John F. Fisk was next in line for the governorship.

He was made a Special Deputy Warden of the Stannaries in 1852 and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire in 1859, a post he held until his death in 1861.

In 1859 he was senior classic, 33rd wrangler, chancellor's medallist and Craven scholar.

Heidenstam was born in 1859, of a prosperous family.

On October 31, 1859, John Brown was found guilty of treason against the state of Virginia, inciting slave rebellion, and murder.

For these crimes he was sentenced to be hanged in public on Friday, December 2, 1859.

On December 2, 1859, John Brown was hanged at Charles Town, Virginia.

Lincoln rarely raised objections in the courtroom ; but in an 1859 case, where he defended a cousin Peachy Harrison, who was accused of stabbing another to death, Lincoln angrily protested the judge's decision to exclude evidence favorable to his client.

In May 1859, Lincoln purchased the Illinois Staats-Anzeiger, a German-language newspaper which was consistently supportive ; most of the state's 130, 000 German Americans voted Democratic but there was Republican support that a German-language paper could mobilize.

But political debate was cut short throughout the South with Northern abolitionist John Brown's 1859 raid at Harpers Ferry Armory in an attempt to incite slave insurrections.

The first ironclad battleship, with iron armour over a wooden hull, La Gloire, was launched by the French Navy in 1859 ; she prompted the British Royal Navy to build a counter.

The baneful influence of these antiquated principles was clearly shown in the maintenance of Königgratz-Josefstadt in 1866 as a strategic point, which was preferred to the defeat of the separated Prussian armies, and in the strange plans produced in Vienna for the campaign of 1859, and in the almost unintelligible Battle of Montebello in the same year.

Alfred Edward Housman (; 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936 ), usually known as A. E. Housman, was an English classical scholar and poet, best known to the general public for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad.

The eldest of seven children, Housman was born at Valley House in Fockbury, a hamlet on the outskirts of Bromsgrove in Worcestershire, to Sarah Jane ( née Williams, married 17 Jun 1858 in Woodchester, Gloucester ) and Edward Housman ( whose family came from Lancaster ), and was baptized on 24 Apr 1859 at Christ Church, in Catshill.

In 1859, Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species was published.

Part of West Cambridge joined the new town of Belmont in 1859, and the rest of West Cambridge was renamed Arlington in 1867 ; Brighton was annexed by Boston in 1874.

Caving was pioneered by Édouard-Alfred Martel ( 1859 – 1938 ) who first achieved the descent and exploration of the Gouffre de Padirac, France as early as 1889 and the first complete descent of a 110 metre wet vertical shaft at Gaping Gill, in Yorkshire, England in 1895.

Its banner was again picked up by the Avar Imam Shamil, who fought against the Russians from 1834 until 1859.

Between 1859 and 1891, Peirce was intermittently employed in various scientific capacities by the United States Coast Survey, where he enjoyed his highly influential father's protection until the latter's death in 1880.

With the publication of Darwin's theory of evolution in 1859, the concept of a " natural system " of taxonomy gained a theoretical basis, and the idea was born that groups used in a system of classification should represent branches on the evolutionary tree of life.

The first census in Romania was carried out in 1859.

In 1859 his first painting was accepted and exhibited.

From 1859 a new design was developed for British clipper ships that was nothing like the American clippers.