With almost no support in the South, Lincoln swept the North and was elected president in 1860.

From 1853 to 1860, another of Lincoln's largest clients was the Illinois Central Railroad.

On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States, beating Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge of the Southern Democrats, and John Bell of the new Constitutional Union Party.

Stanton was one of many conservative Democrats ( he supported Breckenridge in the 1860 election ) who became anti-slavery Republicans under Lincoln's leadership.

The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln, won the 1860 election.

Anti-slavery Northerners mobilized in 1860 behind moderate Abraham Lincoln because he was most likely to carry the doubtful western states.

Lincoln ’ s assessment of the political issue for the 1860 elections was that, " This question of Slavery was more important than any other ; indeed, so much more important has it become that no other national question can even get a hearing just at present.

In 1860 the Thorndon Park reservoir was opened, finally providing an alternative water source to the now turbid River Torrens.

In 1860, Alcott was named superintendent of Concord Schools.

In May 1860 a significantly amended version of the Act was passed in both houses but was vetoed by President Buchanan.

From 1850 onwards he became well known as a critic and essay-writer, and in 1860 he began working on his magnum opus, his History of Music, which was published at intervals from 1862 in five volumes, the last two ( 1878, 1882 ) being edited and completed by Otto Kade and Wilhelm Langhans.

After the acceptance of Avogadro's hypothesis in 1860 it was understood that elements could exist as polyatomic molecules, and the two allotropes of oxygen were recognized as O < sub > 2 </ sub > and O < sub > 3 </ sub >.

The first instrumental analysis was flame emissive spectrometry developed by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff who discovered rubidium ( Rb ) and caesium ( Cs ) in 1860.

Aberfoyle Golf Club was built in 1860 and is located just south of town near the Rob Roy restaurant.

An equestrian statue was erected to his memory on the Heldenplatz in Vienna in 1860.

This contrasts with the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1860 – 61 which was much better funded, but resulted in the deaths of three of the members of the transcontinental party.

Bromine was not produced in large quantities until 1860.

By 1860, Cuba was devoted to growing sugar, having to import all other necessary goods.

Daniel Barringer ( 1860 – 1929 ) was one of the first to identify an impact crater, Meteor Crater in Arizona ; to crater specialists the site is referred to as Barringer Crater in his honor.

Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for the nation's presidency at the 1860 Republican National Convention and went on to defeat Douglas in the general election, setting the stage for the American Civil War.

Coloured Cheddar-style cheese has long been sold, but even as early as 1860, the real reason for this was unclear: Joseph Harding stated " to the cheese consumers of London who prefer an adulterated food to that which is pure I have to announce an improvement in the annatto with which they compel the cheesemakers to colour the cheese ".

The earliest hymn book published was the " Sacred Melodist " which was published by Benjamin Wilson in Geneva, Illinois in 1860.

* Socrate Polara ( 1800 – 1860 ) ( Italy ), founded the first dedicated ophthalmology clinic in Sicily in 1829 entirely as a philanthropic endeavor ; later appointed as the first director of the ophthalmology department at the Grand Hospital of Palermo, Sicily ( Italy ) in 1831 after the Sicilian government became convinced of the importance of state support for the specialization.

George Gilbert Scott was appointed the project architect and oversaw a number of works from 1860 until his death in 1878.

The first mayor of Salem was appointed or elected just after the Missouri state legislature passed the laws relating to village government in 1860.

A post-office was established in 1860 which changed the name to Maeystown with Jacob Maeys appointed as first postmaster.

Upon the death of Herbert Ingram in 1860 he was appointed art editor of the Illustrated London News, a post which he held for thirty years.

In 1860 he was appointed by the British Crown to the inaugural Regius Chair of Logic and the Regius Chair of English Literature at the University of Aberdeen, which was newly formed after the amalgamation of King's College, Aberdeen and Marischal College by the Scottish Universities Commission of 1858.

The new voivodeship existed between 1849 and 1860 and the title of great voivode ( Grosswojwod ) belonged to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria himself, though it was ruled by an appointed governor.

The origin of St. Thomas University dates back to 1860 when James Rogers, the newly appointed Bishop of Chatham, founded St Michael's Academy.

In 1860, he was appointed colonial governor-general of unruly Algeria, and he died there in 1864, when his dukedom became extinct.

* Harry Lushington Stephen ( 1860 – 1945 ), appointed to the High Court of Calcutta in 1901, and became the 3rd baronet on the death of his eldest brother

In 1860 he was appointed to the chair of logic, metaphysics and rhetoric at St Andrews, and in 1864 to the corresponding chair at Glasgow.

In 1857, having established himself as one of the foremost authorities on German medieval literature and philology, he was appointed professor of these subjects at the University of Vienna, and in 1860 was made a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.

In 1860 he was appointed vicar of Doncaster.

His conversion to Roman Catholicism forced him to leave Cambridge in 1846, but he returned in 1860 and resumed his work as " coach ," until in 1874 he was appointed by Mgr Thomas Capel as professor of classical literature at the newly founded Roman Catholic University at Kensington.

He rejoined the council in 1849 and was appointed Treasurer in 1860, then President in 1868.

Abraham Lincoln, was elected President in 1860, Lincoln appointed him American Consul in Paris in 1861, progressing to Chargé d ' Affaires, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Napoleon III.

Archibald did not run, but was nevertheless appointed Attorney General in Howe's government on February 10, 1860.

On his return he took a curacy at Bath, England ( 1849 – 1851 ) and was soon appointed to the Octagon Chapel ( 1851 – 1860 ), where his fame both as preacher and platform speaker continued to spread.

A year later he was appointed professor of natural philosophy in Edinburgh University, in succession to Sir John Leslie and in competition with Sir David Brewster, and during his tenure of that office, which he did not give up till 1860, he not only proved himself an active and efficient teacher, but also did much to improve the internal conditions of the university.

On December 12, 1860, Governor Thomas O. Moore appointed him to the state military board, an organization charged with creating a 5, 000-man army.

He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in 1856 and graduated in 1860.

He was appointed State Auditor in 1854 and was reelected to that position in 1858, 1860, 1862, and again in 1874 after Reconstruction ended.

In late 1860, after Garibaldi had appointed Seymour as his " Military Secretary ", he accused a brother officer ( who happened to be a favourite of Garibaldi's ) of embezzling Garibaldi funds, the said brother officer challenged Seymour to a duel that his superior officer ( Colonel John Whitehead Peard-Garibaldi's " Englishman ") forbade him to attend.

In 1860 he was appointed chancellor in Pulaski County, a position he held until Union forces captured the state capital.

In 1860 he was appointed honorary Colonel of the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the Prince of Wales ' Own ( West Yorkshire ) Regiment and later awarded the Volunteer Decoration ( VD ); in 1863 High Steward of the borough of Hull, and from 1873 to 1906 was Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire.