Bromine was discovered independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Balard, in 1825 and 1826, respectively.

In the early 19th century Ignacy Fonberger, a professor at the University of Vilnius, analyzed the chemical composition of Druskininkai's waters and showed that they contain large amounts of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iodine, Bromine, Iron and Magnesium.

Bromine ( or ; from, meaning " stench ( of he-goats )") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, and atomic number of 35.

Bromine is rarer than about three-quarters of elements in the Earth's crust ; however, the high solubility of bromide ion has caused its accumulation in the oceans, and commercially the element is easily extracted from brine pools, mostly in the United States, Israel and China.

Bromine has no essential function in mammals, though it is preferentially used over chloride by one antiparasitic enzyme in the human immune system.

Bromine is slightly soluble in water, but it is highly soluble in organic solvents such as carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, aliphatic alcohols, and acetic acid.

Bromine has two stable isotopes, < sup > 79 </ sup > Br ( 50. 69 %) and < sup > 81 </ sup > Br ( 49. 31 %).

Bromine has no known essential role in human or mammalian health, but inorganic bromine and organobromine compounds do occur naturally, and some may be of use to higher organisms in dealing with parasites.

* Theodoregray. com – Bromine

Bromine atoms are even more efficient catalysts, hence brominated CFCs are also regulated.

Columbia County, along with Union County, is home to the largest Bromine reserve in the United States.

* Bromine monofluoride ( BrF ) has not been obtained as a pure compound — it dissociates into the trifluoride and free bromine.

* Bromine monochloride ( BrCl ) is a red-brown gas with a boiling point of 5 ° C.

* Bromine trifluoride ( BrF < sub > 3 </ sub >) is a yellow-green liquid which conducts electricity — it ionises to form +.

* Bromine pentafluoride ( BrF < sub > 5 </ sub >) is a colourless fuming liquid, made by reacting bromine trifluoride with fluorine at 200 ° C.

Bromine is trapped with iron turnings to give a solution of ferric bromide.

Bromine is included as an ozone-depleting chemical because although it is not as abundant as chlorine, it is 45 times more effective per atom in destroying stratospheric ozone.

Colour code: Carbon, C: black Hydrogen, H: white Bromine, Br: red-brown Oxygen, O: red Structure calculated with Spartan Student 4. 1, using the PM3 semi-empirical method.

For an alternative listing of inorganics containing bromine please see inorganic compounds by element # Bromine.

Bromine ( Br ) has two stable isotopes and 30 known unstable isotopes, the most stable of which is < sup > 77 </ sup > Br with a half-life of 57. 036 hours

Bromine is derived from brine, or saltwater, and local companies play an international role in the commercialization of bromine and its many applications.

Because the summer was unusually dry and hot, the spring produced a smaller stream than in ordinary years.

After a year in a studio on Sheridan Square, having married an American girl who was a native of Virginia, Helion moved to a village in the Blue Ridge mountains, where he produced some of the most imposing of his abstract canvases.

William Gilmore Simms, sturdy realist that he was, pleaded for a natural robustness such as he found in his favorites the great Elizabethans, to vivify the pale writings being produced around him.

Historical records indicate that Copernicus was unaware of the fundamental aspects of his so-called ' revolution ', unaware perhaps of its historical importance, he rested content with having produced a simpler scheme for prediction.

If, as Reid says, `` nearly all his poetry was produced when he was not taking opium '', there may be some reason to doubt that he was under its influence in the period from 1896 to 1900 when he was writing the poems to Katie King and making plans for another book of verse.

Then there was Mark Howe and there was Henry Dwight Sedgwick, an accomplished man of letters who wrote in the spirit of Montaigne and produced in the end a formidable body of work.

It was the Eisenhower Administration which produced the largest peacetime deficit.

It has been said that when local government revenues were mostly produced locally from the property tax, the lack of a uniform fiscal year was no great handicap ; ;

The Senate Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations was provided samples of visual aids on first aid and personal health produced by the Medical Illustration Service.

The accuracy of measuring the total electrical energy entering an exploding wire during a few microseconds was verified when two independent types of comparison with the heat energy produced had an uncertainty of less than 2 percent.

A satisfactory cloud was produced even though these nozzles were only about 5 per cent efficient in producing an initial cloud in the size range of 1 to 5 microns.

The other, a shallow concave gradient ( Fig. 1 ), was produced with a so-called `` cone-sphere '' apparatus, the `` cone '' being a 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask and the `` sphere, '' a 2-liter round-bottom flask.

When this situation exists, the address Af will equal Af which was produced from Af.

His chief discovery was important -- the Great North ( later, the Hudson ) River -- but it produced no northwest passage.

A student orator `` produced tears from a great number of the learned '' even before the punch was served.

This discovery of Melies was vastly more important than his sometimes dazzling, magician's tricks produced on film.

It was Porter, however, who produced the very first movie whose name has lived on through the half century of film history that has since ensued.

In all of this extensive and expensive effort, the camera was downgraded to the status of recording instrument for art work produced elsewhere by the actor or by the author.

In view of Eisenhower's reluctance to concede that anything was amiss in the Terror, it is doubtful that heroic intervention by Dulles could have produced anything but disaster for him and the country's foreign policy.

The first time was in 1955 when a full-dress Big Four summit meeting produced the `` spirit of Geneva ''.

Representing as it did the efforts of only unauthorized individuals of the Roman and Anglican Churches, and urging a communion of prayer unacceptable to Rome, this association produced little fruit, and, in fact, was condemned by the Holy Office in 1864.