John Henry Newman's autobiography ( first published in 1864 ) is entitled Apologia Pro Vita Sua in reference to this tradition.

In 1864 William Wallace Mitchell ( 1803 – 1884 ), a Glasgow Cotton Merchant, published his " Manual of Bowls Playing " following his work as the secretary formed in 1849 by Scottish bowling clubs which became the basis of the rules of the modern game.

A core standard valve layout based on the action of three valves had become almost universal by ( at latest ) 1864 as witnessed by Arban's Method published in that year.

The first notable virtuoso player was Jean-Baptiste Arban, who studied the cornet extensively and published La grande méthode complète de cornet à piston et de saxhorn, commonly referred to as the Arban method, in 1864.

The next was the hymn book published for the use of Baptised Believers in the Kingdom of God ( an early name for Christadelphians ) by George Dowie in Edinburgh in 1864.

Officials of Community of Christ ( formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ) first published an edition of the Doctrine and Covenants in 1864, based on the previous 1844 edition.

The underlying concept can be traced back to 1864 in the published work of George Perkins Marsh (" Man and Nature ").

Abbot's studies were chiefly in Oriental languages and textual criticism of the New Testament, though his work as a bibliographer showed such results as the exhaustive list of writings ( 5300 in all ) on the doctrine of the future life, appended to W. R. Alger's History of the Doctrine of a Future Life, as it has prevailed in all Nations and Ages ( 1862 ), and published separately in 1864.

On March 2, 1864, the Russian authority — compelled by the uprising to compete for the loyalty of Polish peasants — officially published an enfranchisement decree in the Kingdom, along the lines of an earlier insurgent land reform proclamation.

The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase " survival of the fittest ", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology ( 1864 ).

Herschel's discoveries were supplemented by those of Caroline Herschel ( 11 objects ) and his son John Herschel ( 1754 objects ) and published by him as General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters in 1864.

David Roberts ( 1796 – 1864 ) produced architectural and landscape views, many of antiquities, and published very successful books of lithographs from them.

He published a catalogue of his astronomical observations in 1864, as the General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters, a compilation of his own work and that of his father's, expanding on the senior Hershel's Catalogue of Nebulae.

Among his early books was Contes à Ninon, published in 1864.

His first novel Marie Bertrand: The Felon's Daughter was serialized in the New York Weekly in 1864, and his first boys ' book Frank's Campaign was published by A. K. Loring in Boston the same year.

Hardy and his first wife visited Tintagel on various occasions: she drew a sketch of the inside of the church as it was about 1867 R. S. Hawker's poem about the bells of Forrabury refers also to those of Tintagel, but more notable is his one on the Quest for the Sangraal ( first published at Exeter in 1864 ).

Elsewhere in literature, Nathaniel Hawthorne published his last literary effort, an unfinished piece, entitled Pansie, a Fragment, sometimes called Little Pansie, a fragment in 1864.

He published his Results of the Meteorological Observations 1859-1862 and Nautical Observations 1858-1862 in 1864, and in the same year returned to Germany.

Among Wilson's published works are: History of the Anti-Slavery Measures of the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, 1861-64 ( 1864 ); History of the Reconstruction Measures of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses, 1865-68 ( 1868 ); and an exceedingly valuable, although partisan, publication, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, ( three volumes, 1872 – 77 ).

" Synopsis of the published and privately-printed works by Admiral W. H. Smyth " 1864

His complex illustrations of the parables of Jesus were published in 1864.

He published papers in 1864 and 1869, and in this field he found himself competing with August Kekulé.

He completed his Second Overture on Russian Themes that same year ( 1864 ), which was performed that April at a Free School concert and published in 1869 as a " musical picture " with the title 1000 Years.

Sir Evan Edward Charteris ( 1864 – 1940 ), sixth son of the tenth Earl, was a historian, biographer and barrister and notably published biographies of John Singer Sargent and of Edmund Gosse.

It was edited by Yale University editor Noah Porter and published in 1864, containing 114, 000 entries.

This first attempt at an amendment failed to pass, falling short of the required two-thirds majority on June 15, 1864, in the House of Representatives.

In 1864, she exhibited for the first time in the highly esteemed Salon de Paris.

Morisot's first appearance in the Salon de Paris came at the age of twenty-three in 1864, with the acceptance of two landscape paintings.

The first systematic census in Portugal was carried out in January 1, 1864.

There was talk of a Maritime Union of the three provinces to have greater political power ; however, the first discussions on the subject in 1864 at the Charlottetown Conference led to the process of Canadian Confederation which formed the larger Dominion of Canada instead. Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, an archetypal Maritime scene

The first few chapters of the novel, dealing with the discovery of Erewhon, are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years ( 1860 – 1864 ) and explored parts of the interior of the South Island of which he wrote about in his A First Year in Canterbury Settlement ( 1863 ).

* 1864 – American Civil War: The becomes the first submarine to engage and sink a warship, the.

* 1864 – American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia.

The Mamluk province of Bilad a-Sham ( Syria ) was conquered by Turkish Sultan Selim II in 1516 – 17, becoming a part of the province of Ottoman Syria for the next four centuries, first as the Damascus Eyalet and later as the Syria Vilayet ( following the Tanzimat reorganization of 1864 ).

The establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1864 Lieber Code and the first of the Geneva Conventions in 1864 laid the foundations of International humanitarian law, to be further developed following the two World Wars.

Trial by jury was first introduced in the Russian Empire as a result of the Judicial reform of Alexander II in 1864, and abolished after the October Revolution in 1917.

In 1864, the first telegraphic message was sent from India to England, when a direct telegraph connection was laid between Karachi and London.

Queen Rasoherina accepted, first wedding Rainivoninahitriniony, then later deposing him and wedding his brother, Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony ( 1864 – 95 ), who would go on to marry Queen Ranavalona II ( 1868 – 83 ) and Queen Ranavalona III ( 1883 – 97 ) in succession.

* 1864 – Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico arrives in Mexico for the first time.

De Marignac was the first to prepare the metal in 1864, when he reduced niobium chloride by heating it in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Kaloost Varstan, an Armenian from Istanbul, arrived in 1864 and established the first medical missionary in Nazareth, the Scottish " hospital on the hill ", with sponsorship from the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.