Relations further deteriorated when, in January 1948, the U. S. State Department also published a collection of documents titled Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939 – 1941: Documents from the Archives of The German Foreign Office, which contained documents recovered from the Foreign Office of Nazi Germany revealing Soviet conversations with Germany regarding the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, including its secret protocol dividing eastern Europe, the 1939 German-Soviet Commercial Agreement, and discussions of the Soviet Union potentially becoming the fourth Axis Power.

Korea had been divided at the end of World War II along the 38th parallel into Soviet and U. S. occupation zones, in which a communist government was installed in the North by the Soviets, and an elected government in the South came to power after UN-supervised elections in 1948.

Other more recent political figures educated at Columbia include U. S President Barack Obama, Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court Ruth Bader Ginsburg, former U. S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, former chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve Bank Alan Greenspan, U. S. Attorney General Eric Holder, and U. S. Solicitor General Donald Verrilli Jr .. Dwight D. Eisenhower served as the thirteenth president of Columbia University from 1948 to 1953.

Due to concerns about widespread and well-documented corruption in Chiang's government throughout his rule ( though not always with his knowledge ), the U. S. government limited aid to Chiang for much of the period of 1946 to 1948, in the midst of fighting against the People's Liberation Army led by Mao Zedong.

The show was broadcast from 1948 to 1971 ( a total of 23 years ), which made it one of the longest-running variety shows in U. S. broadcast history.

:* Norris E. Dodd ( U. S .): April 1948 – December 1953.

He designed mines for the U. S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph. D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U. S. Embassy in London.

The recovery was accelerated by the currency reform of June 1948, U. S. gifts of $ 1. 4 billion as part of the Marshall Plan, the breaking down of old trade barriers and traditional practices, and the opening of the global market.

The flathead UH and ULH models were discontinued after 1941, while the 74 " U & UL flathead models were produced up to 1948.

* 1948 – U. S. President Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981 desegregating the military of the United States.

* 1948 – The U. S. Supreme Court rules, in Shelley v. Kraemer, that covenants prohibiting the sale of real estate to blacks and other minorities are legally unenforceable.

* 1948 – The U. S. Congress passes Public Law 557, which permanently establishes the Civil Air Patrol as an auxiliary of the United States Air Force.

* Dave Mallow ( b. 1948 ), U. S. voice actor, also known as Colin Phillips

This $ 13 billion was in the context of a U. S. GDP of $ 258 billion in 1948, and was on top of $ 13 billion in American aid to Europe between the end of the war and the start of the Plan that is counted separately from the Marshall Plan.

After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalization.

After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu attempted to make Burma a welfare state and adopted central planning.

Following the end of World War II, ambassador-level diplomatic relationships between France and Burma were established in 1948, soon after the Burmese nation became an independent republic on January 4, 1948, as Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu as its first Prime Minister.

* N. U. ( film ), 1948 documentary film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni

Despite the rejection of the traditional accounts on many points of detail, as late as 1948 it was still possible to postulate a massive and comparatively sudden ( beginning in ca. 450 ) influx of Germans as the type of invasions.

In 1947 and 1948 the necessity of massive coordinated efforts to achieve economic recovery led to the formation of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation to supervise and coordinate the uses of American aid under the Marshall Plan.

The Communist coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948 was followed immediately by the conclusion of the Brussels Treaty, a 50-year alliance among Britain, France and the Benelux countries.

Mr. Truman has only to recall the `` hopeless '' campaign of 1948 to remember what a loyal partisan he was and the first experience of Mr. Kennedy with Congress would have been sadder than it was had not Mr. Sam been there.

The Secretary of the Treasury, upon the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is authorized and directed, out of the sum covered into the Yugoslav Claims Fund pursuant to subsection ( B ) of this section, after completing the payments of such funds pursuant to subsection ( C ) of this Section, to make payment of the balance of any sum remaining in such fund to the Government of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia to the extent required under Article 1 ( C ) of the Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948.

The Secretary of State shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the total cost of adjudication, not borne by the claimants, attributable to the Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948.

The Fisher Body division, long controlled by the Fisher brothers under a voting trust even though General Motors owned a majority of its stock, followed an independent course for many years, but by 1947 and 1948 `` resistance had collapsed '' and its purchases from Du Pont `` compared favorably '' with purchases by other General Motors divisions.

for example, Jacchia ( 1948 ) derived a scale of 0.15 g for a Af, zero-magnitude meteorite.

In 1948, Afranio Do Amaral, the noted Brazilian herpetologist, wrote a technical paper on the giant snakes.

Since 1948 the working headquarters has been the Department of Geology and Mineralogy.

The first section of this publication appeared in 1948 and the last supplement in 1960.

His sense of urgency in this matter stems from the fact that court cases and juvenile arrests have more than doubled since 1948, each year showing an increase in offenders.

An injury forced Skorich to quit after the 1948 season.

In 1949 the Dixiecrats escaped unscathed after their 1948 rebellion against Harry Truman, and in 1957, after Congressman Adam Clayton Powell campaigned for Dwight Eisenhower in 1956, his fellow Democrats did not touch his committee assignments, although they did strip him temporarily of his patronage.

A further 260 Anglican churches have been demolished since 1948 ''.

Judicial opinion since the Supreme Court decision on Shelley v. Kraemer ( 1948 ) has rendered racial restrictive covenants unenforcible.

In recent years Anna Xydis has played with the New York Philharmonic and at Lewisohn Stadium, but her program last night at Town Hall was the Greek-born pianist's first New York recital since 1948.

But under the direction of Mira Ziminska-Sygietynska, who with her late husband founded the organization in 1948, it has all been put into theatrical form, treated selectively, choreographed specifically for presentation to spectators, and performed altogether professionally.

After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel ( 1948 ), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan.

During World II the winter games were canceled but after that time the Winter Games have been held in St. Moritz ( 1948 ), Innsbruck, Austria ( 1964 and 1976 ), Grenoble, France, ( 1968 ), Albertville, France, ( 1992 ), and Torino, Italy, ( 2006 ).

* 1948 – Jeremy Beadle, English television host ( d. 2008 )

* 1948 – In Bogotá, Colombia, the Organization of American States is established.

* 1870 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer ( d. 1948 )

* 1948 – Alexander Onassis, American Greek socialite, son of Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis ( d. 1973 )

* 1948 – Sgt.