In 2001, an article by four doctors in Kidney International, the official journal of the International Society of Nephrology, noted that although to date there had been no controlled studies performed in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease with refractory pain, their personal observation in isolated cases indicated that the Alexander Technique helped relieve patients ' pain, particularly when accompanied with whirlpool treatments and massage therapy.

A former law student and muezzin, Ahmed bin Abdullah al-Nami ( Arabic: أحمد بن عبد الله النامي, ; also transliterated as Alnami ) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 7, 1977 – September 11, 2001 )</ span > was one of four hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 as part of the September 11 attacks.

Ahmed Ibrahim al-Haznawi (, ) ( October 11, 1980 – September 11, 2001 ) was one of four hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 as part of the September 11 attacks.

He was one of four hijackers believed to be staying at a Kandahar guest house in March 2001, where they were seen by Mohammed Jabarah.

As of 2001, there were zero AM radio broadcast stations, four FM stations, and one shortwave one.

It is the most successful AFL club of the last decade ( 2000 – 2009 ), having appeared in four consecutive AFL Grand Finals between 2001 and 2004, winning three premierships ( 2001, 2002 and 2003 ).

While the 1990 constitution remains in force, it has been amended four times since its adoption — in 1997, 2000, 2001 and 2010.

It is one of four counties of Northern Ireland presently to have a majority of the population from a Catholic background, according to the 2001 census.

The CLP dominated the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from its establishment in 1978 to 2001, but lost Government in 2001 and was reduced to four parliamentary members in 2005.

The last four were in 1971, 1981, 1991, and 2001.

The last four were in 1963, 1971, 1981 and 2001 with a census estimate in 1989.

Prior to 2001, COMPSRON 2 consisted of up to 20 ships, including four Combat Force Ships which provided rapid-response delivery of equipment to ground troops in the US Army.

Another notable honorable mention was given to the two men who attempted to burgle the home of footballer Duncan Ferguson ( who had four convictions for assault and had served six months in Glasgow's Barlinnie prison ) in 2001, with one burglar requiring three days ' hospitalization after being confronted by the player.

It features mostly new material, plus re-recordings of four very obscure Devo songs: " I Need A Chick " and " I Been Refused " ( from Hardcore Devo: Volume Two ), " Find Out " ( which appeared on the single and EP of " Peek-A-Boo " in 1982 ), and " Beehive " ( which was recorded by the band in 1974, at which point it was apparently abandoned with the exception of one appearance at a special show in 2001 ).

In the autumn of 2001, at the age of four, Dolly developed arthritis and began to walk stiffly, but this was successfully treated with anti-inflammatory drugs.

* Soka University of America-A four year college founded in 2001 in Aliso Viejo, California.

However, a planned referendum on a roadmap towards independence in 2001 was called off following Danish Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen saying that Danish money grants would be phased out within four years if there was a ' yes ' vote.

Burns identifies four successive main themes of the First Ladyship: as public woman ( 1900 – 1929 ); as political celebrity ( 1932 – 1961 ); as political activist ( 1964 – 1977 ); and as political interloper ( 1980 – 2001 ).

* 2001 – Six passengers and four railway staff are killed and a further 82 people suffer serious injuries in the Selby rail crash.

In 2001, the Guinness Book of World Records awarded Brutal Truth the record for " Shortest Music Video " for 1994's " Collateral Damage " ( the song lasts four seconds ).

Steve Jones, writing in USA Today, gave the re-mastered edition of " Forever Changes " four stars out of four in a 2001 review.

As of 2001 there was one television broadcast station plus four low-power repeaters, while as of 1997 there were 70, 000 television receivers.

Flag of Rwanda ( 1962 – 2001 ), changed after being disgraced by the Rwandan Genocide | 1994 genocide

A Congolese soldier with a PK machine gun near the Rwandan border, 2001.

Even though the beginning of 2001 was still hampered by sporadic combat, the military observers could fulfill their mission in regards with the disengagement of forces and the withdrawal of some of the Rwandan and Ugandan forces.

* The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda ( 2001 ) Written by Alan J. Kuperman, a resident fellow at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, analyses the logistical limitations of humanitarian military intervention in the Rwandan Genocide.

Nyiramasuhuko stood trial before Trial Chamber II with five others as part of the " Butare Trial " which, at its start in 2001, included the highest number of defendants to be tried jointly in relation to the Rwandan Genocide.

* 100 Days ( 2001 film ), a film about the Rwandan Genocide

The Gacaca court is part of a system of community justice inspired by tradition and established in 2001 in Rwanda, in the wake of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, when between 800, 000 and 1, 000, 000 Rwandans, mostly Tutsi, were slaughtered.

The current Rwandan Gacaca court system, as established in March 2001, involves both plaintiffs and witnesses in an interactive court proceeding against alleged criminals who took part in the genocide.

In 2001 the Temporary Committee on the ECHELON Interception System recommended to the European Parliament that citizens of member states routinely use cryptography in their communications to protect their privacy, because economic espionage with ECHELON has been conducted by the US intelligence agences.

The Air Bridge Denial program was suspended in April 2001 after the Peruvian Air Force and strength of the U. S. DEA misidentified a civilian aircraft as a drug trafficker and shot it down, killing two American citizens on board.

About 5, 000 U. S. citizens resided there as of 2001.

* 2001 – Zug massacre: In Zug, Switzerland, Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 citizens, killing 14 and then kills himself.

In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 800 Australian citizens resident in Sri Lanka.

The Transnational Radical Party ( former Radical Party, not to be confused with the Italian Radicals liberal party founded in 2001 ) is a political association of citizens, parliamentarians and members of government of various national and political backgrounds who intend to use nonviolent means to create an effective body of international law with respect for individuals and the affirmation of democracy and freedom throughout the world.

In December 2001, the town responded to complaints from anonymous citizens by banning Santa Claus from the annual holiday parade.

This is considered to be the largest terrorist act before September 11, 2001, with the majority of the 329 victims being Canadian citizens.

A private fund, the People In Need Czech TV Foundation, worked with government authorities between 1995 and 2001 to effect this resettlement in the specific instance of Russian and Kazakh citizens of Czech origin, and had resettled approximately 750 such persons as of 2000.

In 2001, the citizens voted ( 80 % yea, 20 % nay ) on March 20 to dissolve the city charter and de-incorporate the city, transferring all assets to the county.

September 11 memorials The city's first memorial to honor the four Union City citizens who died in the September 11 attacks was a sculpture placed in Doric Park, in whose courtyard citizens gathered on September 11, 2001 to view the attacks ' aftereffects.

Many protests by farmers and citizens culminated in a " Bucket Brigade " on Main Street May 7, 2001 in Klamath Falls.

Using the authorization granted to him by Congress, on 13 November 2001, President Bush issued a Presidential Military Order: " Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism " which allowed " individuals ... to be detained, and, when tried, to be tried for violations of the laws of war and other applicable laws by military tribunals ", where such individuals are a member of the organization known as al Qa ' ida ; or has conspired or committed acts of international terrorism, or have as their aim to cause, injury to or adverse effects on the United States, its citizens, national security, foreign policy, or economy.

* The 13 November 2001, Military Order, mentioned above, exempts U. S. citizens from trial by military tribunals to determine if they are " unlawful combatants ", which indicates that Padilla and Yaser Hamdi would end up in the civilian criminal justice system, as happened with John Walker Lindh.

In 1991 and 2001 some of the localities were split into smaller areas so that today there are 16 localities, each with its own council which are directly voted by the citizens.

Since 2001 the lord mayor is directly voted by the citizens.

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 was passed soon after the attacks, giving law enforcement agencies sweeping search and surveillance powers over US citizens.

She became one of its citizens in 2001.

While 2001 census information suggests that over 75 percent of UK citizens consider themselves to belong to a religion, Gallup International reports that only 10 percent of UK citizens regularly attend religious services.

The 2001 census showed Zadar with a population of 72, 718, with 93 % of its citizens are ethnic Croats.

* Members of al-Qaeda, an organization bearing responsibility for attacks on the United States, its citizens, and interests, including the attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq.

The Center for Civic Innovation's Social Entrepreneurship Initiative was established in 2001 on the belief that " in a healthy society, markets are complemented by charitable and philanthropic enterprises which both help those in need and help prepare citizens to realize their potential ".