Azerbaijan currently has diplomatic relations with 160 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Libya, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Republic of India, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

The term can trace its origin to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan when millions of Afghans took refuge in neighboring Pakistan and Iran.

In 1893 Mortimer Durand negotiated with Abdur Rahman Khan, the Durand Line Treaty for the demarcation of the frontier between Afghanistan, the FATA, North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan Provinces of Pakistan the successor state of British India.

In the year 1893, during rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, a Royal Commission for setting up of Boundary between Afghanistan and British Governed India was set up to negotiate terms with the British, for the agreeing to the Durand line, and the two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of FATA Pakistan, which is near Khost, Afghanistan.

From the 8th century to the 9th century, many inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam.

During the 8th through the 9th centuries, many inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan and western Pakistan were converted to Sunni Islam.

Besides Turkic people, large part of the Ghaznavid Empire was made up of local Muslim Afghans from what is now Afghanistan and western parts of Pakistan.

Its main cappital was Ghazni, Afghanistan, and Lahore in Pakistan served as the second capital.

Brill and Farishta have recorded that the complete conversion of Afghanistan, Pakistan to Islam was during the rule of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni.

The Ghaznavid military incursions assured the domination of Sunni Islam in what is now Afghanistan and western Pakistan.

The Durrani Empire encompassed present-day Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan ( around the Panjdeh oasis ), the Kashmir region, the modern state of Pakistan and northwestern India.

Brahui ( Urdu: براہوی ) or Brahvi ( براوی ) is a Dravidian language spoken by Brahui people of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran, and expatriate communities in Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Iraq.

Brahui is spoken in the southwest region of Pakistan, as well as regions of Afghanistan and Iran which border Pakistan ; however, many members of the ethnic group no longer speak Brahui.

Since 1990, the ACR and the Czech Armed Forces have contributed to numerous peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, including IFOR, SFOR, and EUFOR Althea in Bosnia, Desert Shield / Desert Storm, Afghanistan, Kosovo, Albania, Turkey, Pakistan and with the Coalition forces in Iraq.

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified-( 20 ) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Uruguay

Afghanistan Post has been reorganizing the postal service in 2000s with the help of Pakistan Post.

Other areas sometimes included are Afghanistan, Mongolia, eastern Iran and northern and western Pakistan, and sometimes Xinjiang and Tibet in western China, Jammu and Kashmir in northern India, and southern Siberia in eastern Russia.

Afghanistan as a whole, the Northern Areas of Pakistan and the Kashmir Valley may also be included.

They are mainly spoken in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, and overseas in other countries such as Malaysia and Singapore.

The line laid the foundation not for peace between the border regions, but for heated disagreement between the governments of Afghanistan and British India, and later, Afghanistan and Pakistan over what came to be known as the issue of Pashtunistan or ' Land of the Pashtuns '.

Trade in goods smuggled into Pakistan once constituted a major source of revenue for Afghanistan.

Many of the goods that were smuggled into Pakistan have originally entered Afghanistan from Pakistan, where they fell under the Afghan Trade and Transit Agreement ( ATTA ).

Brill and Farishta have recorded the introduction of Islam to Kabul and other parts of Afghanistan to the invasions of Mahmud of Ghazna

Mahmud Tarzi, a highly educated, well-traveled poet, journalist, and diplomat, was a key figure that brought Western dress and etiquette to Afghanistan.

* Shah Mahmud Hotaki of Afghanistan goes insane.

* Afghanistan: Afghan President Hamid Karzai's spokesman comments that the issue of Taliban crossing into Afghanistan from Pakistan will be discussed during Pakistan Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri's visit to Kabul.

At a press conference Shah Mahmud Khan stresses the friendliness of Afghan policy toward Pakistan, and maintains that in supporting the " Pashtunistan " movement Afghanistan is not animated by hostility to Pakistan.

His elder brother, the chief of the Barakzai, Fatteh Khan, took an important part in raising Mahmud Shah Durrani to the sovereignty of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809.

Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazna into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, Pakistan and northwestern India.

Mahmud was born in 971 AD in the town of Ghazna in Medieval Khorasan ( in what is now south-eastern Afghanistan ).

Brill and Farishta have recorded the introduction of Islam to Kabul and other parts of Afghanistan to the conquests of and Mahmud:

* Mir Mahmud Hotaki, Mahmud Shah Hotak, ruler of Persia / Afghanistan from 1717 to 1725

* Mahmud Shah Durrani, ruler of Afghanistan between 1801-1803 and 1809-1818

Mahmud Shah Durrani ( 1769 – April 18, 1829 ; Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic: ) was born Prince and ruler of the Durrani Empire ( Afghanistan ) between 1801 and 1803, and again between 1809 and 1818.

He ousted his brother, Mahmud Shah, from power, and ruled Afghanistan from 1803 to 1809.

* Mahmud Shah Durrani, ruler of Afghanistan 1801-1803 & 1809-1818

The origin of the Saadat-e-Bara or Bahira is traced to the Syed Abu Farah Wasiti, son of Syed Daud, who came to Ghazni in Afghanistan, from Wasit, at the invitation of Mahmud Ghaznavi.

Persian speaking Jews closely related to Baghdadi Jews from Afghanistan and Iran came with the Ghaznavad, Ghori and Mughal invasions of Mahmud ( 11th century ), Muhammad ( 12th century ) and Babur ( 16th century ).

Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (-b: 1890 d: 1959 ) was the Prime Minister of Afghanistan from May 1946 to 7 September 1953.

When the First World War broke out in 1914, the Young Afghan political movement, headed by journalist Mahmud Tarzi and Habibullah's son Amanullah, advocated that Afghanistan enter the war on the German-Turkish side, in direct opposition to Britain.

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

Ahmad Shah Durrani ( c. 1722 – 1773 ) ( Pashto /), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( Pashto / Persian: احمد شاه ابدالي ) and born as Ahmad < u > Kh </ u > ān, was the founder of the Durrani Empire ( Afghan Empire ) in 1747 and is regarded by many to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan .</ poem >

* 1978 – President of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.

Each plate is rated to stop a range of ammunition including 3 hits from a 7. 62 × 51 NATO AP round at a range of, though accounts in Iraq and Afghanistan tell of soldiers shot as many as seven times in the chest without penetration.

The date of his death, September 9, is observed as a national holiday known as " Massoud Day " in Afghanistan.

Afghan ( Pashto / Persian: افغان ; see etymology ) is used to indicate a citizen of Afghanistan.

Nowadays, " Afghan " is usually not used as an ethnic term, but as a national demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan, while " Pashtun "-the native ethnonym of this people-is largely used in a linguistic sense to refer to native speakers of Pashto.

According to encyclopaedia Iranica, AFGHAN ( afḡān ) in current political usage means any citizen of Afghanistan, whatever their ethnic, tribal, or religious affiliation is.

While the term " Afghani " is typically used in reference to the unit of Afghan currency, some use the term to indicate a person or thing of, from, or related to Afghanistan, e. g., a citizen of Afghanistan.

Afghan Turkestan is a region in northern Afghanistan, on the border with the former Soviet republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

Today, his descendants can be found in many places outside of Afghanistan, such as in America, France, Germany, and even in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and carry the surname of Ziyaee, which is itself a derivative of the King's title.

This line, the Durand Line, is named after Mortimer Durand and which still remains as an unrecognized boundary by the Government of Afghanistan.

At this point in time, the area that is currently Afghanistan had a multi-religious population consisting of Hindus, Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Jews, and others.

It is surmised from the writings of Al Biruni that some Afghans who lived in west of India ( modern-day Afghanistan ) had not been completely converted to Islam.

The Durrani Empire is considered the foundation of the modern state of Afghanistan, with Ahmad Shah Durrani being credited as " Father of the Nation ".

By October he had taken a prospective hijacker Mushabib al-Hamlan from Afghanistan to Saudi Arabia where they both procured B-1 / B-2 tourist / business visas on October 28 – but Hamlan then decided not to proceed and is thought to have returned to his family.

Actual biological warfare use of trichothecenes mycotoxin in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan is strongly supported by epidemiological and intelligence assessments as well as trichothecene assays, although reports in the open literature have discounted this contention.