The Sigmatic Aorist ( Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1962 ), which deeply reflected the structuralist approach of Jerzy Kuryłowicz, opened a fresh era of creative work in Celtic comparative linguistics and the study of the verbal system of Indo-European languages.

Section C, Archaeology, Celtic Studies, history, linguistics, literature )

Some of her more accessible work focuses on gesture, but her other research interests include historical linguistics, semantics, metaphor and iconicity, subjectivity and viewpoint, and the Celtic language family.

Thomas Francis O ' Rahilly (; 1883 – 1953 ) was an Irish scholar of the Celtic languages, particularly in the fields of Historical linguistics and Irish dialects.

George has published over eighty items relating to Celtic linguistics, including several dictionaries of Cornish.

In historical linguistics, Italo-Celtic is a grouping of the Italic and Celtic branches of the Indo-European language family on the basis of features shared by these two branches and no others.

Among students of the Celtic languages Pedersen is best known for his Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen, ' Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages ', which is still regarded as the principal reference work in Celtic historical linguistics.

Research interests include, amongst others, computational linguistics, Natural language processing, corpus linguistics, the cultural role of literacy and Celtic languages and history.

Diefenbach ’ s most enduring legacy lies in his numerous academic writings on philology and comparative linguistics, notably his studies in Latin, German dialects and Celtic languages.

This ranges from linguistics, literature and art history archaeology and history, the focus lying on the study of the various Celtic languages, living and extinct.

Academic interest in Celtic languages grew out of comparative and historical linguistics, which was itself established at the end of the 18th century.

The first major breakthrough in Celtic linguistics came with the publication of Archaeologia Britannica ( 1707 ) by the Welsh scholar Edward Lhuyd, who was the first to recognise that Gaulish, British and Irish belong to the same language family.

Composed in Latin, the work draws on the earliest Old Irish, Middle Welsh and other Celtic primary sources to construct a comparative grammar, which was the first to lay out a steady basis for Celtic linguistics.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Celtic studies progressed largely as a subfield of linguistics.

Franz Bopp ( 1791 – 1867 ) carried out further studies in comparative linguistics to link the Celtic languages to the Proto-Indo-European language.

The " warrior " derivation was adopted by the linguist, Julius Pokorny, who presented it as being from Indo-European * bhei ( ə )-, * bhī -, " hit ;" however, not finding any Celtic names close to it ( except for the Boii ), he adduces examples somewhat more widely from originals further back in time: phohiio-s -, a Venetic personal name ; Boioi, an Illyrian tribe ; Boiōtoi, a Greek tribal name (" the Boeotians ") and a few others.

This name is possibly of Celtic derivation ( cf.

The name " Yarrow " may derive from the Celtic word garw meaning " rough " or possibly share a derivation with the English name " Jarrow ".

A tradition reported by Justin and Pliny the Elder affirmed that they were a portion of that people who had settled in the plains of the Po and were driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls, when they assumed the name of " Raetians " from an eponymous leader Raetus ; a more probable derivation, however, is from Celtic rait (" mountain land ").

Gaul might be a derivation from Galatia, thus suggesting a Celtic origin.

The lower part of the river was referred to as the River Allen, a common Celtic river name of unknown derivation, however in the 19th Century the name Allen was transferred to the River Layne which flows into the Camel just above Egloshayle.

It seems to be derived from a Celtic root lug-meaning ' bright or light ' which is also the derivation of a name for a deity, so the meaning may be ' bright river ' or ' river dedicated to the god Lugus '.

Another possibility is that balaur could be a Celtic derivation cf.

An alternative derivation is that lug refers to the Celtic word for light ( a cognate of Latin lux and English light ), with roughly the same meaning as Clermont ( clarus mons ).

This derivation draws on a comparison to Old Irish aire, airech, " free man, nobleman, leader ", from Celtic * arios (" noble " or " in advance, leading "), and the well-established Gaulish element uid -, uidi -, uissu -, " perception, knowledge.

A more probable derivation is from Celtic rait (" mountain land ").

An alternative derivation from the Celtic * tazg ( j ) o -, meaning " badger ", has also been proposed.

The name Ataegina is most commonly derived from a Celtic source: the two roots * atte-and * geno-to mean " Reborn " or from * ad-ak < sup > w </ sup > ī-( Irish adaig ) meaning " night ", Epigraphs from the Badajoz region associate the goddess with the Roman Proserpina or Persephone which would make her a goddess presiding over Spring and seasonality, echoing the " reborn " derivation of the name.

An alternative derivation is from a Celtic name, meaning fort of refuge.

An alternative derivation may be an old hill-name of Celtic origin.

Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rheato-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.

It is during this period that Bishop Asser applied to him the unique title of " secundarius ", which may indicate a position akin to that of the Celtic tanist, a recognised successor closely associated with the reigning monarch.

However, the presence of a vigorous population of Celtic lineage, principally of Irish origin, has supported the creation of other celebrations of beer, often for marketing purposes, such as Saint Patrick's Day ( Día de San Patricio ), patron of Ireland, which is celebrated with abundant libations.

It is thought other Celtic tribes, such as the Remi and the Baiocasses, also elected their leaders.

In the Anglosphere, most notably in Anglo-America, autumn is also associated with the Halloween season ( which in turn was influenced by Samhain, a Celtic autumn festival ), and with it a widespread marketing campaign that promotes it, in the U. S. A.

Beltane regained popularity during the Celtic Revival and is still observed as a cultural festival by some in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man and among their diasporas.

Today, Beltane is also observed as a religious festival by Celtic neopagans.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

From all the different names of the same Celtic people in literature and inscriptions it is possible to abstract a continental Celtic segment, boio -.

In Civilization V: Gods & Kings, Boudicca is the leader of the Celtic tribe.

Breton () is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany (; ), France.

Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages.

Like the other Brythonic languages, Welsh and Cornish, it is classified as an Insular Celtic language.

Today, Breton is the only living Celtic language that is not recognized as an official or regional language.

This means that in spite of long having been the Celtic language with the highest number of speakers, the language is now endangered.

Celtic music is a broad grouping of musical genres that evolved out of the folk musical traditions of the Celtic people of Western Europe.

Often, the term Celtic music is applied to the music of Ireland and Scotland because both lands have produced well-known distinctive styles which actually have genuine commonality and clear mutual influences.

The definition is further complicated by the fact that Irish independence has allowed Ireland to promote ' Celtic ' music as a specifically Irish product.

In some parts of Atlantic Canada, such as Newfoundland, Celtic music is as or more popular than in the old country.

Much of the music of this region is Celtic in nature, but originates in the local area and celebrates the sea, seafaring, fishing and other primary industries.

There is also tremendous variation between Celtic regions.