The first known references to mouth rinsing is in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine, about 2700 BC, for treatment of gingivitis.

Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Homeopathy and Naturopathy are cited as examples The term appears to have entered into usage through the National Institute of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( NCCAM ), which began to employ it as a substitute for alternative medical systems as a way of differentiating widely comprehensive systems of medicine, such as Ayurvedic medicine, from specialized alternative approaches.

The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty ( 1046 – 256 BC ) and flourished during the Han Dynasty ( 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD ), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the 5 elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.

** Urinary bladder ( Chinese medicine )

Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) (: " Chinese medicine ") is a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2, 000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage ( Tui na ), exercise ( qigong ), and dietary therapy.

The doctrines of Chinese medicine are rooted in books such as the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon and the Treatise on Cold Damage, as well as in cosmological notions like yin-yang and the five phases.

Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) is based on Yinyangism ( i. e., the combination of Five Phases theory with Yin-yang theory ), which was later absorbed by Daoism.

Within Chinese medicine texts the Wu Xing are also referred to as Wu Yun ( 五運 wŭ yùn ) or a combination of the two characters ( Wu Xing-Yun ) these emphasise the correspondence of five elements to five ' seasons ' ( four seasons plus one ).

* Traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture

Much of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine derived from empirical observations of disease and illness by Taoist physicians and reflects the classical Chinese belief that individual human experiences express causative principles effective in the environment at all scales.

The foundational text of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing, or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, which is composed of two books: the Suwen 素問 (" Basic Questions ") and the Lingshu 靈樞 (" Divine Pivot ").

This work was revisited by an imperial commission during the 11th century, and the result is our best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine.

Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years.

Another variant is tunghing or " Chinese cinnamon " ( powdered cassia buds ), powdered star anise and anise seed, ginger root, and ground cloves.

In the 3rd century BC, a Chinese leader in the Han Dynasty required those who addressed them to chew cloves so as to freshen their breath.

When the Portuguese reached Sulawesi in 1511, they found Makassar a thriving cosmopolitan entre-port where Chinese, Arabs, Indians, Siamese, Javanese, and Malays came to trade their manufactured metal goods and fine textiles for precious pearls, gold, copper, camphor and spices-nutmeg, cloves and mace imported from the interior and the neighbouring Spice Islands of Maluku.

A sweetheart cake or wife cake is a traditional Chinese pastry with flaky and thin skin made with winter melon, almond paste, and sesame, and spiced with five spice powder ( Chinese spice blend of fennel seed, star anise, licorice root and cloves ).

* Chinese Five-spice powder, a blend of cassia ( Chinese cinnamon ), star anise, cloves, and two other spices

By 1339, Ozbeg and his successors had received annually 24 thousand ding in paper currency from their Chinese appanages in Shanxi, Cheli and Hunan.

Xiang Yu was slightly taller than eight chi ( approximately 1. 85 metres, about 6 ' 1 ") and possessed unusual physical strength as he could lift a ding ( an ancient Chinese vessel resembling a giant cauldron on tripods ).

A ding () is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other.

There is a three-tier stone stand on which a huge bronze ding, an ancient Chinese vessel symbolizing power, perches.

" Li Longji began to prepare an herbal stew that, in traditional Chinese medicine, was believed to be able to induce an abortion, but as he did so, fell asleep and had a dream that a god descended and overturned the ding holding the stew.

* Chinese bronze tripod cauldrons ( ding ) dating back to the Shang Dynasty ( 1600-1046 BCE )

The tattoo on his right arm is a picture of a scroll with three Chinese characters that read " Dustin " ( da si ding 达斯订 ).

* Diced pork ding — Cubed Chinese pork, almonds, and vegetables in a thick sauce ( Any meat can serve as the base for a ding ).

Feng adapted traditional folk ensemble pieces into dizi solos, such as Xi xiang feng ( Happy Reunion ), Wu bangzi ( Five Clappers ), contributing to the new Chinese conservatory curricula in traditional instrument performance.

The Free Chinese know that the situation on the Mainland is in flux, and are poised to strike.

As the work progresses the frame and moving parts become a sort of Chinese puzzle where several pieces must be removed before the part you are working on is accessible.

The desire to contrast the first parts of words which are alike in their last components produces an exceptional disregard of the normal patterns of stress of Chinese and Japanese.

A number of fossil cryptobranchids have been found but there are only three living species, the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), the Japanese giant salamander ( Andrias japonicus ) and the hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis ) from North America.

Beyond the logographic Chinese writing, many phonetic scripts are in existence in Asia.

Observers claim that the Chinese community in Angola might include as many as 300, 000 persons at the end of 2010, but nothing near to reliable statistics are at this stage available on this point.

The term apocrypha is used with various meanings, including " hidden ", " esoteric ", " spurious ", " of questionable authenticity ", ancient Chinese " revealed texts and objects " and " Christian texts that are not canonical ".

In Chinese speaking regions, abalone are commonly known as bao yu, and sometimes forms part of a Chinese banquet.

* 1937 – Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when 6 Imperial Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are shot down by the Nationalist Chinese Air Force while raiding Chinese air bases.

Amaranth greens, also called Chau lai ( Hindi ) and Chu or Chua ( Kumauni ), Chinese spinach, hinn choy or yin tsoi (); callaloo, dhantinasoppu ( ದ ಂ ಟ ಿ ನ ಸ ೊ ಪ ್ ಪ ು) / harive ( ಹರ ಿ ವ ೆ) ( Kannada ); త ో టక ూ ర ( Telugu ); Rajgira ( र ा जग ी र ा) ( Marathi ); ம ு ள ை க ் க ீ ர ை ( Tamil ); cheera ച ീ ര ( Malayalam ); bayam ( Indonesian ); phak khom ผ ั กโขม ( Thai ); tampala, or quelite ( Oriya ); Khada Saga, are a common leaf vegetable throughout the tropics and in many warm temperate regions.

Stir frying, pan frying, and deep frying tend to be the most common Chinese cooking techniques used in this cuisine, which are all easily done using a wok.

Since tomatoes are New World plants, they are also fairly new to China and Chinese cuisine.

Even more divergent are American stir-fry dishes inspired by Chinese food, that may contain brown rice instead of white, or those with grated cheese ; milk products are almost always absent from traditional Chinese food.

* Fried rice – Fried rice dishes are popular offerings in American Chinese food due to the speed and ease of preparation and their appeal to American tastes.

* Wonton soup – In most American Chinese restaurants, only wonton dumplings in broth are served, while native Chinese versions may come with noodles.

Restaurants specializing in Cantonese, Sichuanese, Hunanese, Northern Chinese, Shanghainese, Taiwanese, and Hong Kong traditions are widely available, as are more specialized restaurants such as seafood restaurants, Hong Kong-style diners and cafes ( also known as Cha chaan teng ( 茶餐廳 chácāntīng )), dim sum teahouses, and hot pot restaurants.