This pattern of naming is not universal, however ; Chinese doctrines, for example, are often referred to by number.

In the short space of three months, Huiguo initiated and taught Kūkai everything he knew on the doctrines and practices of the Mandala of the Two Realms as well as mastery of Siddham Sanskrit and ( presumably to be able to communicate with Master Huiguo ) Chinese.

These schools more or less share the same doctrines as Shingon, and in some cases, Chinese monks have traveled to Japan to train and to be given esoteric transmission at Mount Koya.

Xuanzang also discovered that the intellectual context in which Buddhists disputed and interpreted texts was much vaster and more varied than the Chinese materials had indicated: Buddhist positions were forged in earnest debate with a range of Buddhist and non-Buddhist doctrines unknown in China, and the terminology of these debates drew their significance and connotations from this rich context.

Impermanence ( Pāli: अन ि च ् च ा anicca ; Sanskrit: अन ि त ् य anitya ; Tibetan: མ ི་​ ར ྟ ག ་​ པ ་ mi rtag pa ; Chinese: 無常 wúcháng ; Japanese: 無常 mujō ; Korean: 무상 musang ; Thai: อน ิ จจ ั ง anitchang, from Pali " aniccaŋ ") is one of the essential doctrines or three marks of existence in Buddhism.

The Yogic, Tantric and other systems of India, the Buddhist psychology of Tibet, as well as Chinese ( Taoist alchemy ) and Japanese ( Shingon ) esoterism are examples of doctrines that describe a subtle physiology having a number of focal points ( chakras, acupuncture points ) connected by a series of channels ( nadis, Acupuncture meridians ) that convey life-force ( prana, vayu, ch ' i, ki, lung ).

David and Zweigert and Kotz argue that the old Chinese doctrines of Confucius, which emphasize social / group / community harmony rather than individual interests, have been very influential in the Japanese society, with the consequence that individuals tend to avoid litigation in favour of compromise and conciliation.

9. the doctrines ( maqalat ) of other religions ( Manicheans, Hindus, Buddhists and Chinese );

There are also many New religious movements in China which refer to themselves as Christanity, such as Mentuhui and Beili Wang, whose doctrines are derived from the Bible combined with Chinese folk religion.

The clause stated: " People of the Western Ocean, or Portuguese, should they propagate in the country the religion of heaven's Lord, given to Christianity by the Romanists, or clandestinely print books, or collect congregations to be preached to, and thereby deceive many people, or should any Tartars or Chinese, in their turn, propagate the doctrines and clandestinely give names, ( as in baptism ,) inflaming and misleading many, if proved by authentic testimony, the head or leader shall be sentenced to immediate death by strangulations: he who propagates the religion, inflaming and deceiving the people, if the number be not large, and no names be given, shall be sentenced to strangulation after a period of imprisonment.

The clause stated: " People of the Western Ocean, or Portuguese, should they propagate in the country the religion of heaven's Lord, given to Christianity by the Romanists, or clandestinely print books, or collect congregations to be preached to, and thereby deceive many people, or should any Tartars or Chinese, in their turn, propagate the doctrines and clandestinely give names, ( as in baptism ,) inflaming and misleading many, if proved by authentic testimony, the head or leader shall be sentenced to immediate death by strangulations: he who propagates the religion, inflaming and deceiving the people, if the number be not large, and no names be given, shall be sentenced to strangulation after a period of imprisonment.

The clause stated: " People of the Western Ocean, or Portuguese, should they propagate in the country the religion of heaven's Lord, given to Christianity by the Romanists, or clandestinely print books, or collect congregations to be preached to, and thereby deceive many people, or should any Tartars or Chinese, in their turn, propagate the doctrines and clandestinely give names, ( as in baptism ,) inflaming and misleading many, if proved by authentic testimony, the head or leader shall be sentenced to immediate death by strangulations: he who propagates the religion, inflaming and deceiving the people, if the number be not large, and no names be given, shall be sentenced to strangulation after a period of imprisonment.

The movement encompassed Chinese churches and pastors who broke away from denominations which refused to accept their Pentecostal doctrines and practices, and also touched foreign mission communities as well, making the famous Shandong Revival of the early 1930s a joint Sino-foreign experience.

The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience.

In of his undisputed authority over medicine in the Middle Ages, his principal doctrines require some elaboration.

All his doctrines which have come down to us relate to physics or medicine ; and seem to have arisen partly out of the speculations of the Ionian School, with which rather than the Pythagorean, Aristotle appears to connect Alcmaeon, partly from the traditional lore of the earliest medical science.

By degrees his doctrines triumphed, and in 1831 he was appointed professor of general pathology in the academy of medicine.

The beliefs of a religion also reflecting the values are expressed in creeds, dogmas, and doctrines, and form what Durkheim calls a credo.

Although his respect for Aristotle was diminished as his travels made it clear that much of Aristotle's geography was clearly wrong, when the old philosopher released his works to the public, Alexander complained " Thou hast not done well to publish thy acroamatic doctrines ; for in what shall I surpass other men if those doctrines wherein I have been trained are to be all men's common property?

Some doctrines, however, do adhere to the Arminian foundation and, while minority views, are highlighted below.

Aesthetic doctrines that guided their production and interpretation are mostly unknown.

Some Protestants feel that such claims of apostolic succession are proven false by the differences in traditions and doctrines between these churches: Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider both the Church of the East and the Oriental Orthodox churches to be heretical, having been anathematized in the early ecumenical councils of Ephesus ( 431 ) and Chalcedon ( 451 ) respectively.

Often these procedures are coupled with legislation or other common law doctrines that establish standards for proper rulemaking.

Among the doctrines which were specially developed and, so to speak, fixed by Alexander of Hales, are the thesaurus supererogationis perfectorum ( treasury of supererogatory merits ) and the character indelibilis ( sacramental character ) of baptism, confirmation, and ordination.

In the Bahá ' í religion God is often referred to by titles and attributes ( for example, the All-Powerful, or the All-Loving ), and there is a substantial emphasis on monotheism ; such doctrines as the Trinity are seen as compromising, if not contradicting, the Bahá ' í view that God is single and has no equal.

Mahayana often adopts a pragmatic concept of truth: doctrines are regarded as conditionally " true " in the sense of being spiritually beneficial.

Foreign doctrines are widely considered to have had little serious influence.

Its central doctrines are those of the Trinity and God the Creator.

There are " Christian " sects that question one or more of these doctrines, however, see also Nontrinitarianism.

Due to the way the Christadelphian body is organised there is no central authority to establish and maintain a standardised set of beliefs and it depends what statement of faith is adhered to and how liberal the ecclesia is, but there are core doctrines most Christadelphians would accept.

By cultism we mean the adherence to doctrines which are pointedly contradictory to orthodox Christianity and which yet claim the distinction of either tracing their origin to orthodox sources or of being in essential harmony with those sources.

For example, Duncan Kennedy, in explicit reference to semiotics and deconstruction procedures, maintains that various legal doctrines are constructed around the binary pairs of opposed concepts, each of which with a claim upon intuitive and formal forms of reasoning that must be made explicit, not only in their meaning but also its relative value, and criticized.

Self and other, private and public, subjective and objective, freedom and control are examples of such pairs demonstrating the influence of this opposing concepts on the development of legal doctrines through history.

Such doctrines are, in the English-speaking world, largely associated with the House of Tudor and the early House of Stuart in Britain and the theology of the Caroline divines, who held their tenure at the pleasure of James I of England ( VI of Scotland ), Charles I and Charles II.

Independency or congregationalist polity among Protestants may involve the rejection of any governmental structure or binding authority above local congregations ; conformity to the decisions of these councils is therefore considered purely voluntary and the councils are to be considered binding only insofar as those doctrines are derived from the Scriptures.

Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status, according to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .< ref > Arneson Richard, " Egalitarianism ", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( 2002.

In contrast, Evangelical groups, while they typically agree on the theology " fundamentals " as expressed in The Fundamentals, often are willing to participate in events with religious groups who do not hold to the essential doctrines.

Buddhist doctrines are reported to have reached as far as Balkh even during the life of the Buddha ( 563 BC to 483 BC ), as recorded by Husang Tsang.

But the report expressed concerns that the Roman Catholic dogmatic definitions of these concepts implies them to be " revealed by God ", stating: " The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held by believers as a matter of faith.

Malik believed that Kalam was rooted in heretical doctrines taken up and followed by controversial theologians such as Jahm bin Safwan.

He cited his reasons for leaving the paper to start TNC as " the disgusting and deleterious doctrines with which the most popular of our Reviews disgraces its pages ," as well as " the dishonesties and hypocrisies and disfiguring ideologies that nowadays afflict the criticism of the arts, are deeply rooted in both our commercial and our academic culture [...]"