* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

Examples include Czech: kmín – caraway, římský kmín-cumin ; Polish: kminek – caraway, kmin rzymski – cumin ; Hungarian: kömény – caraway, római kömény – cumin.

Following the downfall of Czechoslovakia and occupation of its Czech part by Nazi Germany in 1939, Czechoslovak units and formations served with the Polish Army ( Czechoslovak Legion ), the French Army, the Royal Air Force, the British Army ( the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade ), and the Red Army ( I Corps ).

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Czech is similar to and mutually intelligible with Slovak and, to a lesser extent, with Polish and Sorbian.

The anti-torpedo boat origin of this type of ship is retained in its name in other languages, including French ( contre-torpilleur ), Italian ( cacciatorpediniere ), Portuguese ( contratorpedeiro ), Polish ( kontrtorpedowiec ), Czech ( torpédoborec ), Greek ( antitorpiliko, αντιτορπιλικό ), and Dutch ( torpedobootjager ).

For example, Wielkanoc, Veľká noc, Velika noč and Velikonoce mean " Great Night " or " Great Nights " in Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Czech, respectively.

For example, the words preservative ( English ), préservatif ( French ), Präservativ ( German ), prezervativ ( Romanian, Czech, Croatian ), preservativ ( Slovenian ), preservativo ( Italian, Spanish, Portuguese ), prezerwatywa ( Polish ), презерватив " prezervativ " ( Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian ), prezervatif ( Turkish ), præservativ ( Danish ), prezervatyvas ( Lithuanian ), Prezervatīvs ( Latvian ) and preservatiu ( Catalan ) are all derived from the Latin word praeservativum.

It is widely used in the Afrikaans, Catalan, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, French, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Bahasa Indonesia, Scandinavian and German languages, with the same meaning.

The name Glagolitic in Belarusian is глаголіца ( hłaholica ), Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian глаголица ( glagolica ), Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian glagoljica / глагољица, Czech hlaholice, Polish głagolica, Slovene, Slovak hlaholika, and Ukrainian глаголиця ( hlaholyća ).

These governments argue that the expulsion of Germans and related border changes were not enacted by the Polish or Czech governments, but rather were ordered by the Potsdam Conference.

A corresponding term is sometimes used in Slavic languages, in Serbian is otadžbina or отаџбина in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Bosnian Otadžbina ( Отаџбина ), Macedonian татковина ( tatkovina ), Bulgarian татковина ( tatkovina ) as well as otechestvo, Czech otčina ( although the normal Czech term for " homeland " is vlast ), in Polish ojczyzna ( besides macierz " motherland "), Russian otechestvo ( отечество ) or otchizna ( отчизна ) ( although rodina " motherland " is more common ).

Jadwiga is the Polish version, while Iga and Jadzia are Polish diminutives ; Jadvyga is a Lithuanian version ; Hedvika is a Czech and Slovene version ; Hedviga is a Slovak version, Ядвига ( Jadwiga ) is a Russian version.

In Turkish, Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Sallan, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish and Swedish the order is reversed ; the amount is followed by a fixed space and the ISO 4217 code:

Kashubian literature has been translated into Czech, Polish, English, German, Belarusian, Slovene and Finnish.

Whilst the English term resembles the French marbre, most other European languages ( e. g. Spanish mármol, Italian marmo, Portuguese mármore, German, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish marmor, Armenian marmar, Dutch marmer, Polish marmur, Turkish mermer, Czech mramor and Russian мрáмор ) follow the original Greek.

His father, Rabbi Charles Kahane, studied in Polish and Czech yeshiva religious schools and was involved in the Revisionist Zionism movement, he was a close friend of Zev ( Vladimir ) Jabotinsky.

Nominative cases are found in Slovak, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Georgian, German, Latin, Greek, Icelandic, Old English, Old French, Polish, Czech, Romanian, Russian, and Pashto, among other languages.

Russian / Ukrainian хорт, khort ; Polish chart ; Czech chrt ), as well as a few borrowings from German, including Gothic ( e. g., Old Prussian ylo " awl ," as with Lithuanian ýla, Latvian īlens ) and even Scandinavian languages.

There are also significant numbers of Polish speakers among Polish emigrants and their descendants in many other countries, including Argentina, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, the Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Peru, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the UAE, the UK, Uruguay and the United States.

The Polish alphabet was one of two major forms of Latin-based orthography developed for Slavic languages, the other being Czech orthography.

His father was of Polish, Hungarian and Czech ancestry, and his mother was of Russian descent.

It also airs on Minimax for the Czech and Slovak Republics.

Words primarily used in Austria are Jänner ( January ) rather than Januar, heuer ( this year ) rather than dieses Jahr, Stiege ( stairs ) instead of Treppe, Rauchfang ( chimney ) instead of Schornstein, many administrative, legal and political terms – and a whole series of foods and vegetables such as: Erdäpfel ( potatoes ) German Kartoffeln ( but Dutch Aardappel ), Schlagobers ( whipped cream ) German Schlagsahne, Faschiertes ( ground beef ) German Hackfleisch, Fisolen ( green beans ) German Gartenbohne ( but Czech fazole and Italian fagioli ), Karfiol ( cauliflower ) German Blumenkohl ( but Italian cavolfiore ), Kohlsprossen ( Brussels sprouts ) German Rosenkohl, Marillen ( apricots ) German Aprikosen but Slovak marhuľa, Paradeiser ( tomatoes ) German Tomaten, Palatschinken ( pancakes ) German Pfannkuchen ( but Czech palačinky ), Topfen ( a semi-sweet cottage cheese ) German Quark and Kren ( horseradish ) German Meerrettich ( but Czech křen ).

As given by appropriate laws, courts and authorities can enact and write out documents and judgements in the Czech language ( also, financial authorities in the Slovak language ).

Czech can also be used in all official proceedings in Slovakia as granted by Article 6 of Slovak Minority Language Act 184 / 1999 Zb.

Speakers of Czech and Slovak usually understand both languages in their written and spoken form, thus constituting a pluricentric language, though some dialects or heavily accented speech in either language might present difficulties to speakers of the other ( in particular, Czech speakers may find Eastern Slovak dialects difficult to comprehend ).

In Czech, as in Slovak, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, there are many words that do not have vowels: zmrzl ( frozen solid ), ztvrdl ( hardened ), scvrkl ( shrunk ), čtvrthrst ( quarter-handful ), blb ( dimwit ), vlk ( wolf ), or smrt ( death ).

# Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church ( 1951 )

In older Czech and Slovak orthographies, ⟨ g ⟩ was used to represent, while was written as ⟨ ǧ ⟩ ( g with caron ).

In Germany, this game is called " Mensch ärgere dich nicht " which means " Man, don't get irritated ", and has equivalent names in Dutch, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Czech and Slovak.

Michal is Czech and Slovak.

The 34 State Parties to the Open Skies Treaty are: Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States.

# The distinctive Podhale dialect ( Góralski ) occurs in the mountainous area bordering the Czech and Slovak Republics.

After national discussion of dividing the country into a federation of three republics, Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia and Slovakia, Dubček oversaw the decision to split into two, the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.

The name of the car celebrated the new Communist planned economy but also referred to aeroplane inspiration (' éroplan ' means aeroplane in colloquial Czech ).

Czech linguist Václav Machek proposes Slovak verb " vrepiť sa " ( stick to, thrust into ), or its hypothetical anagram " vperiť sa " ( in Czech, archaic verb " vpeřit " means " to thrust violently ") as an etymological background, and thus translates " upír " as " someone who thrusts, bites ".

In other Germanic languages, including German, its name is similar or identical to that of English V. In many languages, its name literally means " double vee ": Spanish doble ve ( though it can be spelled uve doble ), French double vé, Icelandic tvöfalt vaff, Czech vé dvojitě, Finnish kaksois-vee, etc.

In its original Czech, robota means forced labour of the kind that serfs had to perform on their masters ' lands, and is derived from rab, meaning " slave.

Slavic med / miod, which means both " honey " and " mead ", ( Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Croatian: med vs. medovina, Polish ' miód ' pronounce-honey, mead ) and Baltic medus " honey "/ midus " mead ", also derive from the same Proto-Indo-European root ( cf.

Similar in western Slavic ( Polish ) cięcie cesarskie, ( Czech ) císařský řez and ( Slovak ) cisársky rez ( literally " imperial cut "), whereas the south Slavic term is Serbian царски рез and Slovenian cárski réz, which literally means " tzar " cut.

In other Slavic languages the word means " no work ", for example Polish: Niedziela, Belorussian: Нядзеля, Croatian: Nedjelja, Serbian and Slovenian: Nedelja, Czech: Neděle, Bulgarian: Неделя.

In the Czech Republic, " Premiér " means the " Prime Minister " and the Czech language translates both " Premier " and " Prime Minister " as " Premiér ".

In Bohemia, a part of the Holy Roman Empire then controlled by the Jagellonian monarchs, a guldiner was minted — of similar physical size but slightly less fineness — that was named the Joachimsthaler from the silver mined by the Counts of Schlick at a rich source near Joachimsthal ( St. Joachim's Valley, Jáchymov ) ( now in the Czech Republic ) where Thal ( Tal ) means " valley " in German.

The Czech word uragan means " hurricane " or " cyclone " in English.

The city developed as a fishing centre ( the word rybnik means fishpond in several Slavic languages, including Czech and Silesian ) in medieval ages, then was a capital of so-called Rybnik State.

The city's name, in Polish, Czech, and German, means " green mountain ".

Additionally, as Pisek means " sand " in Czech, the name of the new city may have also been influenced by a sand ridge that is located nearby.

The word, which is always capitalized in Čapek's play, derives from robota which means " drudgery " in Czech and means " work " in Slovak.

Its use is more common in Central Europe: in German, Czech, Slovak and Hungarian, deca is common ( and always means decagram ).

In Czech slang, the word guláš means " mishmash ", typically used as mít v tom guláš: to be disoriented or to lack understanding of something.

In Czech, háček means " small hook ", the diminutive form of hák.

Amongst Western Slavs, the name can be principally found in 15th and 16th century Czech records, where it means either dragon or devil.

The same story pattern appears in numerous other cultures: Tom Tit Tot in England ( from English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs ), Whuppity Stoorie in Scotland ( from Robert Chambers's Popular Rhymes of Scotland ), Gilitrutt in Iceland, Joaidane جعيدان in Arabic ( he who talks too much ), Khlamushka Хламушка ( junker ) in Russia, Rampelnik in Czech Republic, Martinko Klingáč in Slovakia, Ruidoquedito ( meaning " little noise ") in South America, Pancimanci in Hungary ( from A Csodafurulya by Kolozsvari Grandpierre Emil ), Cvilidreta ( whine-screamer ) in Croatia, Tremotino in Italy, Ootz-li Gootz-li עו ּ ץ-לי גו ּ ץ-לי in Israel ( a compact and rhymy touch to the original sentence and meaning of the story, " He advised me and then turned me into a joke "), Daiku to Oniroku ( daiku means " a carpenter ", to means " and ", and Oniroku is an ogre's name ), or " 大工と鬼六 " in Japan.

In the Czech Republic suppressors are, according to § 4 of Weapons and Ammunition Law, considered an A-class weapon, which means a special exception is needed to possess them.