Common suggestions are that they are old English breeds introduced by the early whalers, or by Captain Cook or other early explorers.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

That edition has remained the official prayer book of the Church of England, although in the 21st century, an alternative book called Common Worship has largely displaced the Book of Common Prayer at the main Sunday worship service of most English parish churches.

Traditional English Lutheran, Methodist and Presbyterian prayer books have borrowed from the Book of Common Prayer, and the marriage and burial rites have found their way into those of other denominations and into the English language.

However, when John Knox returned to Scotland in 1559, he continued to use the Form of Prayer he had created for the English exiles in Geneva, and in 1564, this supplanted the Book of Common Prayer under the title of the Book of Common Order.

It was this edition which was to be the official Book of Common Prayer, during the growth of the British Empire, and, as a result, has been a great influence on the prayer books of Anglican churches worldwide, liturgies of other denominations in English, and of the English language as a whole.

The Anglican Church of Canada developed its first Book of Common Prayer separately from the English version in 1918, which received final authorization from General Synod in 1922.

The English Court of Common Pleas dealt with lawsuits in which the Monarch had no interest, i. e. between commoners.

Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, India, Belize, and various Caribbean and African nations have adopted English common law through reception statutes although they do not inevitably continue to copy English Common Law ; later cases can often draw on decisions in other Common Law jurisdictions.

Nicaragua's legal system also is a mixture of the English Common Law and the Civil Law through the influence of British administration of the Eastern half of the country from the mid-17th century until about 1905, the William Walker period from about 1855 through 1857, USA interventions / occupations during the period from 1909 to 1933, the influence of USA institutions during the Somoza family administrations ( 1933 through 1979 ) and the considerable importation between 1979 and the present of USA culture and institutions.

The expression " Common Era " can be found as early as 1708 in English, and traced back to Latin usage among European Christians to 1615, as vulgaris aerae, and to 1635 in English as Vulgar Era.

The terms " Common Era ", " Anno Domini ", " Before the Common Era " and " Before Christ " in contemporary English can be applied to dates that rely on either the Julian calendar or the Gregorian calendar.

Dates in the Gregorian calendar in the Western world have always used the era designated in English as Anno Domini or Common Era.

The first languages for which standardisation was promoted included Italian (" questione della lingua ": Modern Tuscan / Florentine vs. Old Tuscan / Florentine vs. Venetian > Modern Florentine + archaic Tuscan + Upper Italian ), French ( the standard is based on Parisian ), English ( the standard is based on the London dialect ) and ( High ) German ( based on the dialects of the chancellery of Meissen in Saxony, Middle German and the chancellery of Prague in Bohemia (" Common German ")).

The scholar Harvey Wheeler attributed to Bacon, in his work " Francis Bacon's Verulamium-the Common Law Template of The Modern in English Science and Culture ", the creation of these distinguishing features of the modern common law system:

Old Norse Frigg ( genitive Friggjar ), Old Saxon Fri, and Old English Frig are derived from Common Germanic Frijjō.

Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property, to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of the preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime ( in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damaging property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help.

Many of these maxims had originated in Roman Law, migrated to England before the introduction of Christianity to the British Isles, and were typically stated in Latin even in English decisions.

Indian Law is largely based on English common law because of the long period of British colonial influence during the period of the British Raj.

Some small improvements were made to law and court procedure, for example all court proceedings were now conducted in English rather than in Law French or Latin.

" James's reading of The True Law of Free Monarchies allowed that "... a good king will frame all his actions to be according to the law, yet is he not bound thereto but of his good will ..." James also had printed his Defense of the Right of Kings in the face of English theories of inalienable popular and clerical rights.

As such its general structure and management is determined by the Wet op het Hoger Onderwijs en Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ( English: Law on Higher Education and Scientific Research ).

The word is used in a common English phrase, ' not one iota ', meaning ' not the slightest amount ', in reference to a phrase in the New Testament: " until heaven and earth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the Law " ().

( The use of so-called Law French in English courts continued through the Renaissance, however.

The Income Tax Law of 1928 introducing income tax was the first law drafted entirely in English.

It is sometimes called Dalton's Law after its discoverer, the English chemist John Dalton, who published it in the first part of the first volume of his " New System of Chemical Philosophy " ( 1808 ).

Malaysia's legal system is based on English Common Law, alongside a Sharia court system for Malaysian Muslims.

In 1968, Manchester United became the first English ( and second British ) club to win the European Cup, beating Benfica 4 – 1 in the final with a team that contained three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best.

* English Law, which is derived from its colonial past with Britain ;

# Law Courts: By taking some general rule which seemed to be common to all the communities and ignoring the differences, English common law was modeled after such a practice so that the law became common in all the districts of the kingdom.

One can then argue that since the factual situation is within the British territory, where an American judge applies the English Law, he does not give an extraterritorial application to the foreign rule.

Real property and personal property are the two main subunits of property in English Common Law.

As a result, the English system of common law developed in parallel to Roman-based civil law, with its practitioners being trained at the Inns of Court in London rather than receiving degrees in Canon or Civil Law at the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge.

It follows, then, provided the possibilities have been exhausted, that the only real alternative is the general viewpoint of the `` left '', which has been represented on the Continent by Fritz Buri and, to some extent at least, is found in much that is significant in American and English theology.

English Catholics reacted to this event with moderate but real hope.

German haben ( like English have ) in fact comes from PIE * kap, ' to grasp ', and its real cognate in Latin is capere, ' to seize, grasp, capture '.

Therefore, it is clear there is no real consensus of what the term crannog actually implies, although the modern adoption in the English language broadly refers to a partially or completely artificial islet which saw use from the prehistoric to the Post-Medieval period in Ireland and Scotland.

( Early modern philosophers like Locke used the corresponding English terms ' nominal essence ' and ' real essence ').

Actual, which in English is usually a synonym of " real ", has a different meaning in other European languages, in which it means " current " or " up-to-date ", and has the logical derivative as a verb, meaning " to make current " or " to update ".

Latin terminology is often used to describe modern languages, at times erroneously, as in the application of the term " pluperfect " to the English " past perfect ", the application of " perfect " to what in English more often than not is not " perfective ", or where the German simple and perfect pasts are called respectively " Imperfektum " and " Perfektum ", despite the fact that neither has any real relationship to the aspects implied by the use of the Latin terms.

Carte's real ambition was to develop an English form of light opera that would displace the bawdy burlesques and badly translated French operettas then dominating the London stage.

* War must never be seen as having any purpose in itself, but should be seen as an instrument of Politik -- a German word that conflates the meanings of the English words policy and politics: " War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of political commerce, a carrying out of the same by other means.

The Oxford English Dictionary says that the phrase " tug of war " originally meant " the decisive contest ; the real struggle or tussle ; a severe contest for supremacy ".

English law has retained the common law distinction between real property and personal property, whereas the civil law distinguishes between " movable " and " immovable " property.

In English law, real property is not confined to the ownership of property and the buildings sited thereonoften referred to as " land.

The word " real " ultimately derives from Latin res " thing " and was used in Middle English to mean " relating to things, especially real property ".

In modern legal systems derived from English common law, classification of property as real or personal may vary somewhat according to jurisdiction or, even within jurisdictions, according to purpose, as in defining whether and how the property may be taxed.

For all the apparent participation by Scots in the government, however, the English held the real power.

Ghino di Tacco is the Italian equivalent of the English Robin Hood, with the difference that di Tacco was a real person whose deeds as a chief of a band of robbers passed into legend.

Pitt, the first real Imperialist in modern English history, was the directing mind in the expansion of his country, and with him the beginning of empire is rightly associated.

The only real vestige of the case system in Modern English is the " Saxon genitive ", where s is added to a noun to form a possessive.

* Jessie J ( born 1988 ) ( real name Jessica Cornish ), English R & B and Soul recording artist

The English version and his own translation into German ( published 1778 – 1780 ) earned the young author real fame.

The Westminster Stone theory posits that the monks at Scone Palace hid the real stone in the River Tay or buried it on Dunsinane Hill, and that the English troops were fooled into taking a substitute.