With the Academies in Europe ( second half of 16th century ) the gap between fine and applied arts was definitely set.

Nevertheless, in 1171 Amalric visited Constantinople himself and envoys were sent to the kings of Europe for a second time, but again no help was received.

By the 19th century orchestral music in Europe had standardized the string section into the following homogeneous instrumental groups: first violins, second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses.

Barcelona is the transport hub with one of Europe's principal ports, Barcelona international airport, which handles above 34 million passengers per year, extensive motorway network and also is a hub of high-speed rail, particularly that which is intended to link Spain with France and the rest of Europe as the second longest in the world.

Not until the second millennium BC did cultivated, large-seeded broad beans appear in the Aegean, Iberia and transalpine Europe.

As with most public transport in Cuba, the vehicles used are second hand, and the flagship Tren Francés (" French train ") between Havana and Santiago de Cuba is operated by coaches originally used in Europe between Paris and Amsterdam on the ex-TEE express.

* Mayo has Ireland's highest cliffs ( second highest in Europe ) at Croaghaun, Achill island while the Benwee Head cliffs in Kilcommon Erris drop almost perpendicularly into the Atlantic Ocean.

A second meaning of the term social conservatism developed in the Nordic countries and continental Europe.

The second pandemic lasted from 1827 to 1835 and affected the United States and Europe.

These African importees have had the most dominant racial influence, and their rich and ancient culture has had an influence second only to that of Europe on the political and cultural character of the modern Dominican Republic.

The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century ; it was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire and the fifth largest in Europe.

As the city continued to prosper during the 18th century, Georgian Dublin became, for a short period, the second largest city of the British Empire and the fifth largest city in Europe, with the population exceeding 130, 000.

The second phase, between CE 500 and 900, saw Slavic, Turkic, and other tribes on the move, resettling in Eastern Europe and gradually making it predominantly Slavic, and affecting Anatolia and the Caucasus as the first Turkic tribes ( Avars, Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs ), as well as Bulgars, and possibly Magyars arrived.

To enlist diplomatic support, Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Triple Alliance in 1882, which was the first formal war-camp in Europe, the second being the Triple Entente formed in 1907.

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian church in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents, primarily in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

( First place: Nuuk, Greenland ; the Icelandic capital Rekyjavik takes second place globally and ranks as the northernmost capital city in all of Europe )

* The nation itself is the second northernmost country in Europe after Iceland, third place if one considers the Norwegian overseas-territory of Svalbard, an island in the Arctic Ocean, part of Europe.

Depending on whether total passengers, flights or cargo traffic are used as a measure, it ranks first, second or third in Europe alongside London Heathrow Airport and Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport.

Situated on the river Elbe, the port of Hamburg is the second largest port in Europe ( after the port of Rotterdam ) and eleventh largest worldwide.

In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth was a huge state in central-eastern Europe, with an area approaching one million square kilometers.

France had the second largest population in Europe around 1700.

Italian rates of growth were second only, but very close, to the German rates, in Europe, and among the OEEC countries only Japan had been doing better.

In central-east Europe Italian is first in Albania and Montenegro, second in Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, and Ukraine after English, and third in Hungary, Romania and Russia after English and German.

Belgium was the second country, after England, in which the industrial revolution took place and the first on continental Europe:

Through the late 1970s and early 1980s, the group's popularity continued to grow ( although they were always more popular in North America and Continental Europe than in their home country, never achieving a UK Top 40 single or Top 20 album ).

They operated under a series of laws that were added from time to time, but Roman law was never reorganised into a single code until the Codex Theodosianus ( AD 438 ); later, in the Eastern Empire the Codex repetitæ prælectionis ( 534 ) was highly influential throughout Europe.

Prior to the development of the pound lock in 984AD in China by Chhaio Wei-Yo and later in Europe in the 15th century, either flash locks consisting of a single gate were used or ramps, sometimes equipped with rollers, were used to change level.

To break out of the limitations caused by river valleys, the first summit level canals were developed with the Grand Canal of China in 581 – 617 AD whilst in Europe the first, also using single locks, was the Stecknitz Canal in Germany in 1398.

Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe.

The find in June 2010 extends the known record of copper smelting by about 500 years, and suggests that copper smelting may have been invented in separate parts of Asia and Europe at that time rather than spreading from a single source.

In February 2011, she announced that she would embark on the Better Day World Tour on July 17, 2011, with shows in northern Europe and the U. S. The album's lead-off single, " Together You and I ," was released on May 23, 2011, and Better Day was released on June 28, 2011.

In April 1980, the track " Crying ” from the album began picking up airplay on Dutch radio stations and McLean was called to Europe to appear on several important musical variety shows to plug the song and support its release as a single by EMI.

In Italy, the Fascist period presided over the creation of the largest number of state-owned enterprises in Western Europe, such as the nationalisation of petroleum companies into a single state enterprise called the Italian General Agency for Petroleum ( Azienda Generale Italiani Petroli, AGIP ).

“ Within a single generation, the working classes of Western Europe came to enjoy the multiple pleasures of the consumer society .”

The economy of Hungary is a medium-sized, structurally, politically and institutionally open economy in Central Europe and is part of the European Union's ( EU ) single market.

In the European Union, the Third Non-Life Directive and the Third Life Directive, both passed in 1992 and effective 1994, created a single insurance market in Europe and allowed insurance companies to offer insurance anywhere in the EU ( subject to permission from authority in the head office ) and allowed insurance consumers to purchase insurance from any insurer in the EU.

On becoming Prime Minister Major had promised to keep Britain " at the very heart of Europe ", and claimed to have won " game, set and match for Britain " – by negotiating the social chapter and single currency opt-outs from the Maastricht Treaty, and by ensuring that there was no overt mention of a " Federal " Europe and that foreign and defence policy were kept as matters of inter-governmental cooperation, in separate " pillars " from the supranational European Union.

It offered to unify the two German entities into a single, neutral state with its own, non-aligned national army to effect superpower disengagement from Central Europe.

LARP does not have a single point of origin, but was invented independently by groups in North America, Europe, and Australia.

The economy of Latvia is an open economy in Northern Europe and is part of the European Union's ( EU ) single market.

The war at that time devastating Europe received only a single oblique reference.

Indeed, prior to the reintroduction of Ptolemy's Geography to Europe around 1400, there was no single convention in the West.

While western Europe relied on a single text for the basis of its military knowledge, the Byzantine Empire in southeastern Europe had a succession of military writers.

Since joining Intersputnik in 1984, North Korea has operated 22 lines of frequency-division multiplexing and 10 lines of single channel per carrier for communication with Eastern Europe.

The result was 640 half-hour radio documentaries, broadcast in the final weeks of the millennium, and one of the largest single oral history collections in Europe, the Millennium Memory Bank ( MMB ).

PR is used by more nations than the single winner system, and it dominates Europe, including Germany, most of northern and eastern Europe, and for European Parliament elections.