" Alexander Hamilton, writing in " Federalist No. 28 ," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens ' benefit: " If their peoples ' rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress.

On February 12, 1788, Madison in the Federalist Letter No. 54, stated that the Constitutional three-fifths compromise clause was the best alternative for the slaves current condition and for determining representation of citizens in Congress.

Alexander Hamilton asserted in Federalist No. 78 that under the Constitution, the federal courts would have not just the power, but the duty, to examine the constitutionality of statutes:

The framers of the Constitution took care to limit the president's powers regarding the military ; Alexander Hamilton explains this in Federalist No. 69: Congress, pursuant to the War Powers Resolution, must authorize any troop deployments longer than 60 days, although that process relies on triggering mechanisms that have never been employed, rendering it ineffectual.

This understanding of the term was originally developed by James Madison, and notably employed in Federalist Paper No. 10.

In Federalist No. 43 James Madison wrote regarding the Treason Clause:

A republican form of government is distinguished from a pure democracy, which the Founding Fathers wanted to avoid ; as James Madison wrote in Federalist No. 10, " Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention ; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property ; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths.

In Federalist Papers No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively, wrote specifically about the dangers of domestic political factions.

Federalist No. 10, in which Madison discusses the means of preventing rule by majority faction and advocates a large, commercial republic, is generally regarded as the most important of the 85 articles from a philosophical perspective ; it is complemented by Federalist No. 14, in which Madison takes the measure of the United States, declares it appropriate for an extended republic, and concludes with a memorable defense of the constitutional and political creativity of the Federal Convention.

In Federalist No. 84, Hamilton makes the case that there is no need to amend the Constitution by adding a Bill of Rights, insisting that the various provisions in the proposed Constitution protecting liberty amount to a bill of rights.

Federalist No. 78, also written by Hamilton, lays the groundwork for the doctrine of judicial review by federal courts of federal legislation or executive acts.

Federalist No. 70 presents Hamilton's case for a one-man chief executive.

In Federalist No. 39, Madison presents the clearest exposition of what has come to be called " Federalism ".

In Federalist No. 51, Madison distills arguments for checks and balances in a memorable essay often quoted for its justification of government as " the greatest of all reflections on human nature.

He wrote in Federalist No. 1 that the series would " endeavor to give a satisfactory answer to all the objections which shall have made their appearance, that may seem to have any claim to your attention.

2, 3, 4, and 5 ), fell ill and contributed only one more essay, Federalist No. 64, to the series ; though he wrote a pamphlet in the spring of 1788, An Address to the People of the State of New-York, that made his distilled case for the Constitution ( Hamilton cited it approvingly in Federalist No. 85 ).

New essays continued to appear in the newspapers ; Federalist No. 77 was the last number to appear first in that form, on April 2.

Principal author of `` The Federalist '', he swung New York over from opposition to the Constitution to ratification almost single-handedly.

* Martin, James P. When Repression Is Democratic and Constitutional: The Federalist Theory of Representation and the Sedition Act of 1798.

Alexander Hamilton emphasized in The Federalist that this New York constitutional provision expressly made the common law subject " to such alterations and provisions as the legislature shall from time to time make concerning the same.

These policies became the basis of the Federalist Party in the 1790s.

His opponent in these races, Caleb Strong, was a popular moderate Federalist, whose party dominated the state's politics despite a national shift toward the Republicans.

Republican James Sullivan won the governor's seat from Strong in 1807, but his successor was unable to hold the seat in the 1809 election, which went to Federalist Christopher Gore.

In his second term he became notably more partisan, purging much of the state government of Federalist appointees.

The Federalist party of the United States were opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson.

Although never officially joining the Federalist Party, he supported its programs.

Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton had bold plans to establish the national credit and build a financially powerful nation, and formed the basis of the Federalist Party.

In the United States the Federalist Style contained many elements of Georgian style, but incorporated revolutionary symbols.

" Federalist newspapers editors and others at the time likened the district shape to a salamander, and the word gerrymander was a blend of that word and Governor Gerry's last name.

It is widely believed by historians that Federalist newspaper editors Nathan Hale, Benjamin and John Russell were the instigators, but the historical record gives no definitive evidence as to who created or uttered the word for the first time.

The word gerrymander was reprinted numerous times in Federalist newspapers in Massachusetts, New England, and nationwide during the remainder of 1812.

He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties.

In November 1802 he ran as a Federalist for the United States House of Representatives and lost.

The Massachusetts General Court elected Adams as a Federalist to the U. S. Senate soon after, and he served from March 4, 1803, until 1808, when he broke with the Federalist Party.

Although the election of 1800 had given majority control of the House of Representatives to the Republicans by 103 seats to 39, the presidential election would be decided by the outgoing House, which had been elected in the Federalist landslide of 1798 and was controlled by the Federalists, 60 seats to 46.

James Madison, author of Federalist No. 46

Federalist No. 46 is an essay by James Madison, the forty-sixth of the Federalist Papers.

As a Federalist spokesman, he was repeatedly denounced by the Jeffersonian Republicans as " a pusillanimous, half-begotten, self-dubbed patriot ," " an incurable lunatic ," and " a deceitful newsmonger ... Pedagogue and Quack.

" Rival Federalist pamphleteer " Peter Porcupine " ( William Cobbett ) said Webster's pro-French views made him " a traitor to the cause of Federalism ", calling him " a toad in the service of sans-cullottism ," " a prostitute wretch ," " a great fool, and a barefaced liar ," " a spiteful viper ," and " a maniacal pedant.

" In America the same political labels ( Democratic and Republican ) cover virtually all public officeholders, and therefore most voters are everywhere mobilized in the name of these two parties ," says Nelson W. Polsby, professor of political science, in the book New Federalist Papers: Essays in Defense of the Constitution.

As for Virginia, which only ratified the Constitution at its convention on June 25, Hamilton writes in a letter to Madison that the collected edition of The Federalist had been sent to Virginia ; Furtwangler presumes that it was to act as a " debater's handbook for the convention there ," though he claims that this indirect influence would be a " dubious distinction.

The oldest remaining homestead in the town is the Manning Manse, built in 1696, and later the residence of William Manning ( 1747 – 1814 ), the author of " The Key of Libberty ," a critique of Federalist policies.

The rebels " could never be found ," according to Thomas Jefferson, but the militia rounded up twenty prisoners, clearly demonstrating Federalist authority in the national government.

Abuse of power had also been defined in the Federalist Papers as " corrupt use of the office for personal gain or some other improper purpose ," which was not demonstrated in this case.

" Timothy Pickering: Federalist, Politician, An Historical Perspective ," Historian 34, 2 ( 1972 ): 278-92.

* Ridgway, Whitman H. " Fries in the Federalist Imagination: a Crisis of Republican Society ," Pennsylvania History 2000 67 ( 1 ): 141-160

While the Federalist strand of republicanism defended internal improvements as agents of the " general welfare " or " public good ," another strand unraveled from the republican tapestry to denounce such schemes as " corruption ," taxing the many to benefit the few.

The initial analysis appeared in posts by " Buckhead ," a username of Harry W. MacDougald, an Atlanta attorney who had worked for conservative groups such as the Federalist Society and the Southeastern Legal Foundation and who had helped draft the petition to the Arkansas Supreme Court for the disbarment of President Bill Clinton.

The " Old Republicans ," led by John Randolph of Roanoke, refused to form a coalition with the Federalists and instead set up a separate opposition, since the main Republican leaders ( notably James Madison, Albert Gallatin, James Monroe, John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay ) had in effect adopted Federalist principles by chartering the Second Bank of the United States, promoting internal improvements for transportation, raising tariffs to protect factories, and promoting a strong army and navy after the failures of the War of 1812.

Federalist No. 84 ( Federalist Number 84 ), an essay entitled " Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered ," is one of the Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, published under the pseudonym Publius on July 16, July 26, and August 9, 1788.

This Schaghticoke estate was held by Johannes Harmensen's son Johannes ( 1723 – 1802 ), a colonel in the Continental Army in the War of Independence, and by his son Herman, ( 1779 – 1855 ), a lawyer, a Federalist representative in Congress in 1809-1811, a member of the New York Assembly in 1816, and a famous gentleman of the old school, who for his courtly hospitality in his manor was called the " prince of Schaghticoke ," and whose name was borrowed by Washington Irving for use in his ( Diedrich ) Knickerbocker's History of New York ( 1809 ).

In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton argued that " permanence in office ," as enshrined in lifelong appointments, was the most important guarantee of the independence of the judiciary.