In Norse mythology, largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia, numerous tales and information about Thor are provided.

* Sagen uit het hooge noorden ( 1934 )-containing 38 tales from Denmark, Sweden and Iceland

It was the Celtic side of his interests that led to his first books – a volume of ancient Irish tales, Irskar fornsögur ( 1953 ), and another of Gaelic poetry from the Hebrides, Söngvar frá Sudureyjum ( 1955 ), both translated into Icelandic – as well as to his 1996 book on the Celts and Celtic influence in Iceland, Keltar á Islandi.

The Völsung Cycle is a series of legends about the clan, the earliest extant versions of which were recorded in medieval Iceland, and is also the subject matter of the Middle High German epic poem Nibelungenlied.

The two years prior to the revolution ( 1788 – 89 ) saw meager harvests and harsh winters, possibly because of a strong El Niño cycle caused by the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland.

Here the peoples spoke the tongue of Iceland because that island had gotten the jump on the Hawaiian-Americans who were busy resettling North America and the western half of South America after the Apocalyptic War.

During the Middle Ages, there were various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small amount of the population, the election of Gopala in Bengal region of Indian Subcontinent, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 10 % of population ), the Althing in Iceland, the Løgting in the Faeroe Islands, certain medieval Italian city-states such as Venice, the tuatha system in early medieval Ireland, the Veche in Novgorod and Pskov Republics of medieval Russia, Scandinavian Things, The States in Tirol and Switzerland and the autonomous merchant city of Sakai in the 16th century in Japan.

The term Edda ( Old Norse Edda, plural Eddur ) applies to the Old Norse Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century in Icelandic, although they contain material from earlier traditional sources, reaching into the Viking Age.

At that time, versions of the Prose Edda were well known in Iceland, but scholars speculated that there once was another Edda — an Elder Edda — which contained the pagan poems Snorri quotes in his book.

On 3 July 1844, the last two confirmed specimens were killed on Eldey, off the coast of Iceland, which also eliminated the last known breeding attempt.

The rookeries of the Great Auk were found from Baffin Bay down to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, across the far northern Atlantic, including Iceland, and in Norway and the British Isles in Europe.

Gray whales ( Icelandic sandlægja ) were described in Iceland in the early 17th century.

At that time the Soviet Union saw the Nordic Council as part of NATO of which Denmark, Norway and Iceland were members.

From the time of the Roman Empire all the possibilities were suggested repeatedly by each generation of writers: Iceland, Shetland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and later Greenland.

For example in the early history of Iceland the chieftains were titled goði, a word meaning " priest ".

Iceland was encouraged to do this by the British and American armed forces that were defending Iceland from Nazi invasion.

In 1945, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland were founding members of the United Nations.

The council voted to allow the squatters to stay in the building, which they called Iceland, until the plans for demolition were in place.

More geographically correct were Icelandic texts from about the same time, which presented a clear picture of the northern countries as experienced by Norse explorers: north of Iceland a vast, barren plain ( which we now know to be the Polar ice-cap ) extended from Biarmeland ( northern Russia ) east of the White Sea, to Greenland, then further west and south were, in succession, Helluland, Markland and Vinland.

In the Viking colony of Iceland, an extraordinary vernacular literature blossomed in the twelfth to 14th centuries, and many traditions connected with the Viking Age were written down for the first time in the Icelandic sagas.

Many of these sagas were written in Iceland, and most of them, even if they had no Icelandic provenance, were preserved there after the Middle Ages due to the Icelanders ' continued interest in Norse literature and law codes.

The Norwegian manuscript Konungsskuggsja, thought to date from around 1240AD refers to the walrus as " rosmhvalr " in Iceland and " rostungr " in Greenland ( walruses were by now extinct in Iceland and Norway, while the word evolved on in Greenland ).

A majority of births were outside marriage in Iceland ( 64. 3 %), Estonia ( 59. 7 %), Slovenia ( 56. 8 %), Bulgaria ( 56 %), Norway ( 55 %), Sweden ( 54. 2 %), and France ( 55 %).

The top producing countries were, in order, the People's Republic of China ( excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan ), Peru, Japan, the United States, Chile, Indonesia, Russia, India, Thailand, Norway and Iceland.

Through retrieval and isotope analysis of marine cores and examination of mollusc growth patterns from Iceland, Patterson et al were able to reconstruct a mollusc growth record at a decadal resolution from the Roman Warm Period through the Medieval Warm Period and into the Little Ice Age

It has also been suggested that it was Heruli who first colonized Iceland or were assimilated among the people of Uppland initiating the drastic changes there in the 6th century.

Generally speaking, the Norwegians expanded to the north and west to places such as Ireland, Scotland, Iceland and Greenland ; the Danes to England and France, settling in the Danelaw ( northern / eastern England ) and Normandy ; and the Swedes to the east, founding the Kievan Rus, the original Russia.

In 1874, a thousand years after the first acknowledged settlement, Denmark granted Iceland a constitution and home rule, which again was expanded in 1904.

During the 1990s, the airline expanded to cover the whole of Europe, including the Canary Islands in the South and Scandinavia and Iceland in the North, with charter flights, ad-hoc charters, third party short-medium-long term operations ( wet-lease ) and ACMI.

The First North exchange expanded to Stockholm in June 2006, Iceland in January 2007 and Helsinki in April 2007.

Other NAVFACs were located in the Pacific at NAS Barbers Point, Hawaii ; NAF Midway Island ; and Naval Base Guam, while additional Atlantic locations expanded to include NAS Keflavik, Iceland ; CFS Shelburne, Nova Scotia and Naval Station Argentia, Newfoundland ( both later remoted to CFB Halifax, Nova Scotia ); NAVFAC Brawdy, Wales ; Joint Maritime Facility St. Mawgan, Cornwall ; Antigua ; Maritime Data Centre Gibraltar, UK ; NAVFAC Barbados ; NAVFAC Eleuthera, Bahamas ; NAVFAC San Salvador, Bahamas ; NAVFAC Bermuda ; and NAVFAC Grand Turk.

One of the main points of the new strategic vision for Icebank is that ownership will be expanded and the Bank's shares listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange with the aim of raising equity in support of further growth.

Initially it only broadcast in Iceland but it has since expanded its coverage to a large part of Europe.

Since its foundation, CCLI has expanded around the world to: Australia, Botswana, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, South Africa, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Zimbabwe.

For three hundred years, beginning with bishop Ansgar, the Hamburg-Bremen archbishopric had been designated as the " Mission of the North " and had jurisdiction over all missions in Scandinavia, North-Western Russia, Iceland and Greenland.

Chess in Iceland and in Icelandic Literature — with historical notes on other table-games.

It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with dh and later d. Its use has survived in Iceland and the Faroe Islands.

In January 2008, the Fiji Times Online reported that the government of Fiji had announced in a cabinet statement that it will establish full diplomatic relations with four nations: Iceland, Latvia, the Dominican Republic and Estonia.

This description " eastman " ( from Norway ) has to be seen together with the description " westman " ( From Ireland / Scotland ) which is to be found in local place-names such as " Vestmanna-havn " i. e. " Irish-mens harbour " in the Faroe Isles, and " Vestmannaeyjar " i. e. " Irish-mens islands " in Iceland.

satellite earth stations-1 Orion ; 2 fiber-optic submarine cable linking the Faroe Islands with Denmark, Iceland and Scotland

The weekly service links the Faroe Islands with Seyðisfjörður in Iceland and with Hirtshals in Denmark.

Country code – 358 ; 1 submarine cable ( Finland Estonia Connection ); satellite earth stations – access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat ( Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions ); note – Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries ( Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden ).

Despite the passport union with Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland Finland could not join the Nordic Council until 1955 because of Soviet fears that Finland might become too close to the West.

The land named Svalbarð (" cold coast ") by the Vikings in the early medieval book Landnámabók may have been Jan Mayen ( instead of Spitsbergen, renamed Svalbard by the Norwegians in modern times ); the distance from Iceland to Svalbarð mentioned in this book is two days sailing, consistent with the approximate to Jan Mayen and not with the approximate to Spitsbergen.

Poets in medieval Iceland even treated Christian themes using the traditional repertoire of kennings complete with allusions to heathen myths and aristocratic epithets for saints: Þrúðr falda “ goddess of headdresses ” = “ Saint Catherine ” ( Kálfr Hallsson: Kátrínardrápa 4 ).

In 1953-55 the former territories of the Kalmar Union, Denmark ( with Greenland and the Faroes ), Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, reunited in the Nordic Council, an economic and political cooperation union.

Image: Kittiwake with young chick. jpg | Kittiwake with chicks, Iceland

Friedman visited Iceland during the autumn of 1984, met with important Icelanders and gave a lecture at the University of Iceland on the " tyranny of the status quo.

" He participated in a lively television debate on August 31, 1984 with socialist intellectuals, including Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, who later became the president of Iceland.

On 18 August 2012, Crowe appeared along with Doyle at the Harpa Concert Hall in Reykjavík, Iceland as part of the city's Menningarnótt program.

Sometimes the term Scandinavia is also taken to include Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Finland, on account of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries.

* international: 5 submarine coaxial cables ; satellite earth stations-1 Intelsat ( Atlantic Ocean ), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat ( Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions ); note-Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries ( Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway )

Denmark, Sweden, and the Russian Empire dominated the political relationships on the Scandinavian Peninsula for centuries, with Iceland, Finland, and Norway only gaining their full independence during the 20th century.

Since the out break of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian economy has been hit by massive economic sanctions restricting trade with the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, ( as well as the European countries of Albania, Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, and Switzerland ) Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States.

* 1958 – Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars.