But by the 1940s, many of Boas ' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the " Axis " ( Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan ).

* 1945 – Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender ( August 15 in Japan Standard Time ).

* 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan ( modern day Tohoku University ) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.

During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

After Japan went to war with China in 1937, passenger car production was restricted, so by 1938, Datsun's Yokohama plant concentrated on building trucks for the Imperial Japanese Army.

* 1941 – World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor – The Imperial Japanese Navy attacks the United States Pacific Fleet and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine air forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, causing a declaration of war upon Japan by the United States.

The Imperial House of Japan is the oldest continuing hereditary monarchy in the world.

Other instances, such as Emperor Go-Toba's 1221 rebellion against the Kamakura shogunate and the 1336 Kemmu Restoration under Emperor Go-Daigo, show the power struggle between the Imperial House and the military governments of Japan.

Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan had eleven reigns of reigning empresses, all of them daughters of the male line of the Imperial House.

Article 2 of the 1889 Meiji Constitution ( the Constitution of the Empire of Japan ) stated, " The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.

Article 2 of the Constitution of Japan, promulgated in 1947 by influence of the U. S. occupation administration and still in force, provides that " The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial Household Law passed by the Diet.

The government of Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru hastily cobbled together the legislation to bring the Imperial Household in compliance with the American-written Constitution of Japan that went into effect in May 1947.

Imperial Seal of Japan | Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom

The Imperial House of Japan.

The Imperial house of Japan traditionally based its claim to the throne on its descent from Jimmu.

The building was named after the ancient phrase of Hakkō ichiu ( literally " eight cords, one roof "), which had been attributed to Emperor Jimmu and, since 1928, has been espoused by the Imperial government as an expression of Japanese expansionism, as it envisioned to the unification of the world ( the " eight corners of the world ") under the Emperor's " sacred rule ", a goal that was considered imperative to all Japanese subjects, as Jimmu, finding five races in Japan, had made them all as " brothers of one family.

Imperial Seal of Japan | Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom.

The Imperial House of Japan.

Thus, where once only the socio-economic elite and their left-wing critics knew of the Imperial Grand Strategy, now the entire American populace are potentially aware of it.

* 1942 – World War II: Battle of Savo Island – Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.

* 1937 – Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when 6 Imperial Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are shot down by the Nationalist Chinese Air Force while raiding Chinese air bases.

* 1942 – World War II: the Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru.

* 1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean Raid.

During the Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) and World War II ( 1939 – 1945 ), the Special Research Units of the Imperial Japanese Army, such as Unit 731, conducted human experimentation on thousands of Chinese, among others.

The Imperial Japanese Army had its cavalry uniformed as hussars, but they fought as dragoons.

He then left for the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko ( 東京振武學校 ), an Imperial Japanese Army Academy Preparatory School for Chinese students, in 1907.

Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911.

The Imperial Japanese Navy was the first to assemble a large number of carriers into a single task force, known as Kido Butai.

* 1941 – World War II: The Royal Navy capital ships and are sunk by Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo bombers near Malaya.

* 1941 – World War II: Battle of the Philippines – Imperial Japanese forces under the command of General Masaharu Homma land on the Philippine mainland.

The Imperial Japanese Navy's Kotaka ( 1887 )

He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state.

" the Imperial person ") was also used in Old Japanese.

Imperial Seal of Japan | Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom

Other intellectuals in the environmental movement ( like Edward Goldsmith ) have used Gaia in the completely opposite way ; to stake a claim about how Gaia's focus on natural balance and resistance and resilience, should be emulated to design a conservative political system ( as explored in Alan Marshall's 2002 book ' The Unity of Nature ', ( Imperial College Press: London ).

Wojciechowski was arrested in 1891 for his involvement in the Polish Socialist movement, a group agitating heavily for independence from Imperial Russia.

The roots of the localization movement began during the Japanese rule of Taiwan from 1895 to 1945, when groups organized to lobby the Imperial Japanese government for greater Taiwanese autonomy and home rule.

Even the teenage Nguyễn Emperor Hàm Nghi left the Imperial Palace of Huế in 1885 with regent Tôn Thất Thuyết and started the Cần Vương, or " Save the King ", movement, trying to rally the people to resist the French.

The movement originated in Ukraine in Eastern Europe, then part of Imperial Russia under the Tsars.

Anton Ivanovich Denikin (; August 8, 1947 ) was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army ( 1916 ) and one of the foremost generals of the White movement in the Russian Civil War.

Unlike most Satsuma leaders, he favored the position of tōbaku ( 倒幕, overthrowing the Shogunate ), as opposed to kōbu gattai ( 公武合体, marital unity of the Imperial and Tokugawa families ) and hanbaku ( opposition to the Shogunate ) over the Sonnō jōi movement.

The INA played a crucial role on pressuring the British Raj after it occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands with the help of Imperial Japan, but the movement lost momentum due to lack of support by Indian National Congress, Battle of Imphal and Bose's sudden death.

Oliver, a future advocate of Imperial Federation and, after 1909, a prominent member of the Round Table movement.

At the same time, the Imperial artillery began a bombardment of the French siege lines — which had become routine during the extended siege — in order to conceal Lannoy's movement.

He was recruited to travel to Edo in 1854 to assist Satsuma Daimyo Shimazu Nariakira in the Kōbu gattai movement ( promoting reconciliation and closer ties between the Tokugawa shogunate and the Imperial court ).

When the Japanese Imperial Army invaded the country during World War II, young men from Malinao were among the first to organize the guerilla movement in this part of the country.

The Imperial court in Kyoto unsurprisingly sympathized with the movement.

On May 4, 1919, students in Beijing protested the Paris Peace Conference giving German rights over Shandong to Imperial Japan, turning this cultural movement into a political one in what became known as the May Fourth Movement.

It was revived by architectural historians in the 1960s and popularised by the nascent conservation movement to bring attention to the complex of public Victorian buildings and the surrounding houses built on the Commissioners ' estate, that were threatened with demolition by the expansion and redevelopment plans of Imperial College.

While the fog made navigation difficult, it also shielded the movement of large bodies of troopers so the two mounted divisions with the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade commanded by Chetwode, rapidly intercepted traffic on the roads leading to Gaza from the north, east, to isolate the garrison in a long cavalry screen.

As part of the Kōbu Gattai (" Union of Court and Bakufu ") movement, Iemochi was married to Imperial Princess Kazu-no-Miya Chikako daughter of Emperor Ninkō, and younger sister of Emperor Kōmei, but his early death, at the age of 20, put an end to the short marriage.

In the 1900s, during the heated debates concerning the status of the Georgian church, he emerged as one of the leaders of the Georgian autocephalist movement, calling for the restoration of the autocephalous ( independent ) Orthodox Church of Georgia abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.

The Free Thai Movement (; ) was a Thai underground resistance movement against Imperial Japan during World War II.

As a result of the ratification of the London Naval Treaty limiting the size of the Imperial Japanese Navy, a movement grew within the junior officer corps to overthrow the government, and to replace it with military rule.

This movement had parallels in the Sakurakai secret society organized within the Imperial Japanese Army.

During the First World War when Russia and Japan were allies fighting against Germany, the Japanese handed to the Russian government a list of leading men in the freedom movement ( now in World War I working with Imperial Germany ).

The Basmachi movement () or Basmachi Revolt was an uprising against Russian Imperial and Soviet rule by the Muslim, largely Turkic peoples of Central Asia.

Twenty-eight days after Alexander II's election an assembly of German and Lombard bishops and notables opposed to the reform movement was brought together at Basel by the Empress Agnes as regent for her son, Emperor Henry IV ( 1056 – 1105 ), and was presided over by the Imperial Chancellor Wilbert.