Bhutan was the first country to recognize Indian independence and renewed the age old treaty with the new government in 1949, including a clause that India would assist Bhutan in foreign relations.

However this right is subject to restrictions under sub clause ( 2 ), whereby this freedom can be restricted for reasons of " sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, preserving decency, preserving morality, in relation to contempt, court, defamation, or incitement to an offense ".

As per Government of India service tax rules under Finance Act 1997, the definition of Shamiana is given under the clause ( 77A ) of section 65, that is: " pandal or shamiana means a place specially prepared or arranged for organizing an official, social or business function ".

Similar provisions are in place under clause 49 of Standard Listing Agreement in India.

For the following 21 years all vessels in the West India trade using the Port of London were compelled to use the West India docks by a clause in the Act of Parliament that enabled their construction.

In India, there are some restrictions on the lifetime guarantee clause.

However, they did win a major concession: what became known as the " free-water clause ", first introduced into the West India Dock Act of 1799 and subsequently written into the Acts governing all of the other docks.

There is no clause that stipulates that the winner of Miss India ( or winner of a National Title ) cannot participate in the Miss World and Miss Universe pageants in the same year.

These include: Albania, Afghanistan Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chad, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Côte d ' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, DR Congo, Egypt, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Holy See ( Vatican City ), Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Libya, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Order of Malta, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Uruguay, and Vietnam.

Examples of this have been argued to include the keiretsu of post-war Japan, the print media in India, the chaebol of South Korea, and the powerful families who control much of the investment in Latin America.

States often said to exhibit crony capitalism include the People's Republic of China ; India, especially up to the early 1990s when manufacturing was strictly controlled by the government ( the " Licence Raj "); Indonesia ; Argentina ; Brazil ; United Kingdom ; Malaysia ; Israel ; Russia ; the United States ; Tasmania ; and most other ex-Eastern Bloc states.

Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in the People's Republic of China and India ( along with the Indian national calendar ).

The Royal Cambodian Government ( RGC ) has established diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, to include the People's Republic of China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, North Korea, and Thailand.

Countries which often operate with coalition cabinets include: the Nordic countries, the Benelux countries, Australia, Austria, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Turkey, Israel, New Zealand, Kosovo, Pakistan, Kenya, India, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand and Ukraine.

Other commuter railways in India include Delhi Suburban Railway, Pune Suburban Railway and Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway.

Particularly well known species include the frog Oxyglossus pusillus ( Owen ) of the Eocene of India and the toothed frog Indobatrachus, an early lineage of modern frogs, which is now placed in the Australian family Myobatrachidae.

Reasons for this development include changes in the weather and dramatic changes in the global economy, including higher oil prices, lower food reserves, and growing consumer demand in China and India.

Notable performers in the freestyle genre include George Lamond, Collage, Jocelyn Enriquez, Nu Shooz, Johnny O, Sa-Fire, Stevie B, TKA, Judy Torres, Information Society, Exposé, Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, Brenda K. Starr, La India, Shana, Corina, Nocera, Company B, The Cover Girls, Noel, Pajama Party, Shannon, Will to Power, Sweet Sensation, Seduction, Linear, Lisette Melendez, Angelina, Laissez Faire, Cynthia, Coro, and Rockell.

Headquartered in Ottawa, the Forum of Federations partner governments include Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Germany, India, Mexico, Nigeria and Switzerland.

" Examples of parliamentary systems in which the head of state is notional chief executive include Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom.

The term ‘ Hindu ’ came to include persons professing any Indian religion ( i. e. Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism or Sikhism ) after India became an independent country

Other major South Asian ports include Chittagong in Bangladesh, Colombo, Hambantota and Galle in Sri Lanka, Kolkata, Visakhapatnam, Paradip Port, Chennai, Ennore, Tuticorin, and Nagapattinam in India, and Karachi in Pakistan.

These countries include Poland, United Kingdom, China, India, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Philippines, Lithuania, Latvia and Russia.

Akhand Bharat is another irridentist call for " undivided India " to include Pakistan and Bangladesh into India to form a Hindu Rashtra raised by mainstream Indian political organization Vishva Hindu Parishad ( VHP ), Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) and Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ).

In 1980, playing against India, he became the first player to score a century and take ten wickets in a Test match ( Alan Davidson was the first to score 100 runs and take 10 wickets in a Test but that did not include a century ).

Some of the major research ventures undertaken by these schools include the pioneering work done by the School of Environmental Studies in highlighting the presence of arsenic in groundwater in countries like India and Bangladesh and the development of the first alcohol based car by the School of Automobile Engineering.

Foreign embassies in Mauritius include Australia, the United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, Egypt, France, India, Madagascar, Pakistan, Russia, and the United States.

* 1998 – India conducts three underground atomic tests in Pokhran to include a thermonuclear device.

More recent uses include: by France during the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 1954 ), the Algerian War ( 1954 – 1962 ), the Portuguese Colonial War ( 1961 – 1974 ) and the Western Sahara War ( 1975 – 1991 ), The Six-Day War by Israel ( 1967 ), in Nigeria ( 1969 ), India and Pakistan ( 1965 and 1971 ), Turkey during the invasion of Cyprus ( 1974 ), by Morocco during the Western Sahara War ( 1975 – 1991 ), Iran ( 1980 – 88 ), Brazil ( 1972 ), Egypt ( 1973 ), Iraq ( 1980 – 88, 1991, 2003 – 2011 ), Angola ( 1993 ), Yugoslavia ( 1991-1996 ), and by Argentina ( 1982 ).

Burchfield also broadened the scope to include developments of the language in English-speaking regions beyond the United Kingdom, including North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and the Caribbean.

Countries using this system include Israel, Ireland, Malta, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, Iceland, India, Pakistan, Germany and Greece.

However, exceptions include Oman ; India ; Saudi Arabia ; Pakistan ( Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket team since the 1990s ); the Dominican Republic ; Guatemala ; the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island ; and Northern Ontario.

While the United States is leading in digital content, South Korea is leading in broadband access, India is leading in software, and Taiwan is leading in research and development.

The initial impact of outsourcing, and the relatively lower cost of international human resources in developing third world countries led to a massive migration of software development activities from corporations in North America and Europe to India and later: China, Russia, and other developing countries.

It has developed the service sector of India with the export of financial services, software services, tourism services and improved the Invisible balance of India's Balance of payments.

* Whitefield, India: located in the city of Bangalore, which is involved in ASIC design and software development.

* Greater Noida, India: The Noida site was launched in 1992 to conduct software engineering activities.

GrapeNet is an internet based traceability software system, for monitoring fresh grapes exported from India to the European Union.

In keeping with global trends in software development, the company has a substantial labor force in lower cost locations such as Pakistan, India, Poland, Hungary and Egypt.

In 1999, Paul was asked to run Wipro's software unit in India.

* On June 9, 2005, the Commission announced that “ Roys Poyiadjis, a former CEO of AremisSoft Corporation, which was a software company with offices in New Jersey, London, Cyprus, and India, agreed to final resolution of fraud charges brought against him by the Securities and Exchange Commission in October 2001.

Other floors in the tower are occupied by various organisations and commercial companies, including Environment Agency, Altitude 360 London, free software promotion company Canonical Ltd .,-the company that sponsors the Ubuntu project ; the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust, the UK India Business Council, the Audit Commission ( soon to be wound up by Eric Pickles ), event caterers Salt and Pepper, Private Food Design and the firm Lewis PR.

* India, the Philippines, South Africa and Mauritius have experienced rapid growth in IT services, such as call centers, back-office functions and software development

* Loganath Ramachandran ( born 1963 ), EDA software professional, Bangalore, India

# The MHA has also expressed concerns about the telecom surveillance software Etisalat had used in a Blackberry service it had introduced in the UAE and recommended that the company should not be allowed to offer Blackberry services in India.

In addition to that, HCL have opened a software factory for Bank of Ireland in India and has started to outsource production support for the retail banking and payments applications in BOI.

In the late 1990s, India's abundant and well qualified software engineering talent combined with massive demand from the Y2K problem helped to move India up the value chain to attract large-scale software development projects for US based customers.

Further, they point out that even more educated highly trained workers with higher-value jobs such as software engineers, accountants, radiologists, and journalists in the developed world have been displaced by highly educated and cheaper workers from India and China.

A Western European IT company, say, might outsource software writing to a company in India, which specialises in such work, to take advantage of low cost, and skilled labour with a common language, but the distance between the two means reduced face contact, therefore less control of the project, and greater vulnerability to such as Intellectual Property theft and Fraud.

In a recent judgement in the case of Pine Labs Private Limited vs Gemalto Terminals India Private Limited the Delhi High Court has laid down that the copyright belongs to the author ( in this case, pine Labs ) and as the period of assignment was not specified in the document of assignment ( the Master Service Agreement ), the copyright in the software reverted back to Pine Labs after 5 years.

* Texas Instruments, a Multinational corporation, starts its India operations in Bangalore and helps create infrastructure to export software via satellite communications from India for the first time.

BlueJ is the primary recommended learning software for the Java section of the Computer Application course in ICSE schools all over India, where it is considered the de-facto software for learning the basics of Object Oriented Programming and has proven extremely popular due to its ease of use and wide support in schools and educational centers.

* List of software companies in India