At the same time, Angola has promoted the revival of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries ( CPLP ) as a forum for cultural exchange and expanding ties with Portugal ( its former ruler ) and Brazil ( which shares many cultural affinities with Angola ) in particular.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

Montgomery's training paid off when the Germans began their invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May 1940 and the 3rd Division advanced to the River Dijle and then withdrew to Dunkirk with great professionalism, entering the Dunkirk perimeter in a famous night-time march which placed his forces on the left flank which had been left exposed by the Belgian surrender.

Barge and canal systems were nonetheless of great, perhaps even primary, economic importance until after World War I in Europe, particularly in the more developed nations of the Low Countries, France, Germany, Poland, and especially Great Britain which more or less made the system characteristically its own.

Countries began to develop weapons which were much more effective, and much less likely to cause infection to the wrong party.

Older editions of the CIA World Factbook, going back to 1989, country rankings constructed from CIA data, and additional country information from other sources are available at the Countries of the World website, which was begun in 1996.

Two paintings ( both dated 1565 ) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling — Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.

Countries with high forest cover can be expected to be at early stages of the FT. GDP per capita captures the stage in a country ’ s economic development, which is linked to the pattern of natural resource use, including forests.

Countries that have ratified the Charter, and languages for which the ratification was made:

As the popular response to Luther gathered momentum, the social disorders, which Erasmus dreaded and Luther disassociated himself from, began to appear, including the German Peasants ' War, the Anabaptist disturbances in Germany and in the Low Countries, iconoclasm and the radicalization of peasants across Europe.

His ministry expanded and he undertook tours of North America and the Low Countries, between which he was imprisoned for over a year.

Hanover was thus a gateway to the Rhine, Ruhr and Saar river valleys, their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north, for overland traffic skirting the Harz between the Low Countries and Saxony or Thuringia.

The IMU's members are Member Countries and each Member country is represented through an Adhering Organization, which may be its principal academy, a mathematical society, its research council or some other institution or association of institutions, or an appropriate agency of its government.

In 2010 IMU formed the Commission for Developing Countries ( CDC ) which brings together all of the past and current initiatives in support of mathematics and mathematicians in the developing world.

The Commission for Developing Countries supports research travel of mathematicians based in developing countries as well as mathematics research conferences in the developing world through its Grants Program which is open to mathematicians throughout the developing world, including countries that are not ( yet ) members of the IMU.

Countries contribute money to a pool through a quota system from which countries with payment imbalances can borrow funds temporarily.

Countries in which Interstitial Cystitis / Painful Bladder Syndrome IC / PBS is now recognized with an official disability code:

Soon dispute plunged the surviving brothers into a civil war that was only settled in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, which split the Frankish realm into three parts, to become the kernels of France and Germany, with Burgundy and the Low Countries between them.

From the fourteenth century, the technique in which panels of wet leather were shaped over wooden moulds, painted, then oil-gilded and lacquered, reached Flanders and Brabant in the Low Countries.

These and other movements such as the Philippines 1995 Mining Act led the World Bank to publish a third report ( Assistance for Minerals Sector Development and Reform in Member Countries ) which endorsed mandatory environment impact assessments and attention to the locals.

For a second time in his youth, Richard was forced to seek refuge in the Low Countries, which were then part of the realm of the Duchy of Burgundy.

Countries in which Turkey maintains its own embassy

* Lothair received the central portion of the empire which later became, from north to south: the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and the Kingdom of Italy ( which covered only the northern half of the Italian Peninsula ), collectively called Middle Francia.

Countries marked in dark colors are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships.

Countries that are more red are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships.

Countries such as Belgium and Switzerland that often use charitable fund-raising design stamps that are desirable for collectors.

According to Jan Michiel Otto, Professor of Law and Governance in Developing Countries at Leiden University, " Anthropological research shows that people in local communities often do not distinguish clearly whether and to what extent their norms and practices are based on local tradition, tribal custom, or religion.

Països Catalans ( in Catalan, often literally translated into English as Catalan Countries ) refers to the territories where Catalan language is historically spoken.

Some Dreaming tracks exist within the Country of a single language group, but others cross the territory of many groups and the major Dreaming tracks often mark the territorial boundaries of the Countries they cross.

In France unofficial episodes of large scale destruction of art in churches by Huguenot Calvinists had begun in 1560 ; unlike in the Low Countries they were often physically resisted and repulsed by Catholic crowds, but were to continue throughout the Wars of Religion.

Countries are often loosely placed into four categories of development.

As the only child of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, she was the heiress to the vast, and vastly wealthy, Burgundian domains in France and the Low Countries upon her father's death in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477., and was accordingly often referred to as " Mary the Rich ".

Countries vary widely in whether religious education is allowed in government-run schools ( often called " public schools ").

Countries in this situation are often called satellite states.

Countries that suffer from poverty, civil and political unrest or conflict, and other dangerous public health issues such as malaria, HIV / AIDS, and tuberculosis often suffer from a severe burden and breakdown within the healthcare system.

He used what influence he possessed to shield the Puritans from the attacks of the bishops, and often urged the Queen to intervene on behalf of the Protestants in the Low Countries In his speeches in Parliament he argued that a liberal grant of subsidies placed the government under an obligation to redress grievances, and thus identified himself with the popular party in the commons.

Countries which prohibit school prayer often differ in their reasons for doing so: In the United States, school prayer is proscribed in accordance with Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution ( which provides the foundation for the separation of church and state ).

As a result of the 1973 oil crisis, combined with the growing influence of Third World alignments such as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) and the Non-Aligned Movement, less-powerful countries had more room to assert their independence and often showed themselves resistant to pressure from either superpower.

It is often billed as Banned in 40 + Countries.

The event is often attended by reporters and documentary makers from several European Countries, along with those from the USA and Japan.

In contrast Walter Evans-Wentz in The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries argued that in the mythology of Morbihan there is no clear distinction between korrigans and nains, " Very often corrigans regarded as nains, equally with all kinds of lutins, are believed to be evil spirits or demons condemned to live here on earth in a penitential state for an indefinite time.

Countries that operate public health-care systems are often so taxed that it can take considerable time to get non-urgent medical care.

Countries that do not circumcise have often held antipathy for those that do.

Commentators often used the terms Flemish and Netherlandish ( that is, " of the Low Countries ") interchangeably: to 16th-century Italian painter and historian Giorgio Vasari, all northern painters were " fiamminghi ", or " Flemmings ".

This meeting began the process of linking Developed Country community based ICT initiatives and research with initiatives being undertaken in Less Developed Countries often as part of larger economic and social development programmes funded by agencies such as the UN Development Programme, World Bank, or the International Development Research Centre.

It is renowned for its many rich pastries, soups, stews and vegetable dishes and is often called Burgundian which is a Dutch idiom invoking the rich Burgundian court which ruled the Low Countries in the Middle Ages renowned for its splendor and great feasts.

Since then, the pro-independence movement has assumed a mostly left-wing political trend and has often shifted its focus from " independence for Catalonia " to " independence for the ' Catalan Countries '".