The Araks forms most of Armenia's border with Turkey and Iran while the Zangezur Mountains form the border between Armenia's southern province of Syunik and Azerbaijan's adjacent Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

Iran did not have any form of relations with the Taliban.

During Europe's Dark Ages, in the Middle East and especially Iran, polymath poets such as Omar Khayyam continued to popularize this form of poetry, also known as Rubaai, well beyond their borders and time.

In practice, the main concerns in recent years have been relations with the US, the Israeli – Palestinian conflict, Iraq, the perceived threat from Iran, the effect of oil pricing, and increasing the influence in the Muslim world of the Wahhabi form of Islam through overseas donations.

Since 1948, Baloch nationalists in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan have been seeking to separate Baloch majority regions of the three countries to form a new state with the help of elements outside the aforementioned countries.

** The countries of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela form OPEC.

Later on when Foucault went to Iran “ to be there at the birth of a new form of ideas ,” he wrote that the new “ Muslim ” style of politics could signal the beginning of a new form of “ political spirituality ,” not just for the Middle East, but also for Europe, which had adopted the practice of secular politics ever since the French Revolution.

MacEoin notes that after the deaths of those Azali Babis who were active in the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, the Azali form of Babism entered a stagnation from which it has not recovered as there is no acknowledged leader or central organization.

Balochi Nur Sur is still a popular and one of the ancient form of Overtone singing in parts of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan espcially in the Sulaiman Mountains.

In its Arabized form, Halwan / Hilwan, the name is carried by towns and villages from Egypt to Iran.

A mechanised form of hanging, the upright jerker, was also experimented with in the 18th century, with a variant of it used today in Iran.

During the Iranian revolution of 1979, it was shouted from rooftops in Iran during the evenings as a form of protest.

In Iran, similar to Canada, Master of Science ( MSc ) or in Iranian form Karshenasi-arshad degrees may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or sometimes a mixture.

They form tax-exempt, government subsidized, consortiums receiving religious donations and answerable directly ( and only ) to the Supreme Leader of Iran.

President Daud Khan pursues schemes of economic development and agricultural improvements with substantial aid from China, the U. S. S. R., Iran, and Kuwait, partly in the form of long-term loans and partly in technical aid.

* North Korea and Iran are planning to form an alliance to develop long-range ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads.

According to Roman Ghirshman, the first evidence of humans using a form of mortar was at the ziggurat of Sialk in Iran, built of sun-dried bricks in 2900 BC.

The nominate form ( includes caspica of Iran, Turkey and the Caucasus ) is from western Europe including the British Isles, Scandinavia and Mediterranean region.

Together, the three radar sites form an arc that U. S. officials say can detect missile launches from northern, western and southern Iran.

Shashlyk or Shashlik (,, ), is a form of Shish kebab popular throughout the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Israel among other places.

" The existence of this Vedic cognate suggests that the institution of the holy mendicant was as prominent among the ancient Indo-Iranian people as it has been historically in later Iran in the form of dervish brotherhoods and also in India in the form of the various schools of sannyasis.

WPI was formed in 1991 after some members of the Communist Party of Iran left to form a new party.

Kurdish music from Iranian Kurdistan has a rather distinctive form with its ancient native instruments such as the Daff and the tamboor and with a shadow of Iranian influence while itself, has influenced the music of Iran in general to a certain degree.

When we look at countries like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Burma, where substantial progress has been made in creating a minimum supply of modern men and of social overhead capital, and where institutions of centralized government exist, we find a second category of countries with a different set of problems and hence different priorities for policy.

As of October 2008, the Armenian government is considering implementing an ambitious project to build a railway to Iran.

* 1953 – Cold War: The CIA and MI6 help to overthrow the government of Mohammad Mosaddegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

* 1921 – The Autonomous Government of Khorasan, a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran, is established.

* 1906 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a constitutional monarchy.

He was not successful in part due to the lack of government centralization in Iran during the era.

After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the new Islamic government of Iran began an international campaign of assassination that lasted into the 1990s.

The Government of Cuba maintains close relationships with Iran and North Korea, and has provided safe haven to members of ETA after an agreement with the Spanish government ( under Felipe González ), FARC, and the ELN.

Since the collapse of the Taliban government in 2001, new trade relations are emerging with the United States, Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, the EU, Japan, Uzbekistan, India and other countries.

Since 2002, the new Afghan government has engaged in cordial relations with both Iran and the United States, even as relations between Iran and the United States have grown strained due to American objections to Iran's nuclear program.

In the modern Islamic Republic of Iran the rahbar ( Supreme Leader, at present Ali Khamenei ) serves as head of state, above the elected ( sometimes lay ) president, who is formally the constitutional head of government.

Also as a military precaution, the government has cleared a broad strip of territory in the Kurdish region along the Iranian border of all its inhabitants, hoping in this way to interdict the movement of Kurdish guerrillas back and forth between Iran and Iraq.

In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later reschedule foreign debt payments ; Iraq suffered economic losses of at least $ 80 billion from the war.

In addition, as of early 1988 the government had lost control of several mountainous districts in Kurdistan where, since 1983, dissident Kurds have cooperated militarily with Iran.

Iran barely maintained its independence throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, being carved up into spheres of influence, invaded in 1917 and 1941, occupied between 1941 – 1946, subjected to Soviet attempts to create a separate Azerbaijan socialist republic in 1946, and having its government overthrown in 1921 and again in 1953.

In particular, he refused to pass on to the government the revenues gained from custom taxes on goods from Iran and Turkmenistan.

According to Human Rights Watch, numerous Iranian agents were assisting Hezb-i Wahdat, as " Iran was attempting to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence in the new government ".

However, the Khalq faction of the PDPA gained supremacy over his own Parcham faction, and after a brief stint as Ambassador to Iran, he was dismissed from government and went into exile in Europe.

The only armed opposition party to make peace with the government was Hizbollah, a small Shi ' a party not to be confused with the bigger party in Iran.

President Ortega's decision to support radical regimes such as Iran and Cuba, his harsh rhetoric against the United States and capitalism, and his use of government institutions to persecute political enemies and their businesses, has had a negative effect on perceptions of country risk, which by some accounts has quadrupled since he assumed office.

In 2009, RAWA and other women's rights groups strongly condemned a " Shia Family Code " which is claimed to legalise spousal rape within Northern Afghan Shia Muslim communities, as well as endorsing child marriage, purdah ( seclusion ) for married women, which was passed by President Hamid Karzai to garner support for his coalition government from hardline elements within the aforesaid communities, as well as the neighbouring Shia-dominated Islamic Republic of Iran.

Saudi Arabia is almost unique in giving the ulema a direct role in government, the only other example being Iran.

Syria continues to foster good relations with her traditional allies, Iran and Russia, who are among the few countries which have supported the Syrian government in its conflict with the Syrian opposition.