We have to distinguish between line source AAS ( LS AAS ) and continuum source AAS ( CS AAS ).

In classical LS AAS, as it has been proposed by Alan Walsh, the high spectral resolution required for AAS measurements is provided by the radiation source itself that emits the spectrum of the analyte in the form of lines that are narrower than the absorption lines.

Hollow cathode lamps ( HCL ) are the most common radiation source in LS AAS.

Deuterium HCL or even hydrogen HCL and deuterium discharge lamps are used in LS AAS for background correction purposes.

As already pointed out above, we have to distinguish between medium-resolution spectrometers that are used for LS AAS and high-resolution spectrometers that are designed for CS AAS.

Another feature to make LS AAS element-specific is modulation of the primary radiation and the use of a selective amplifier that is tuned to the same modulation frequency, as already postulated by Alan Walsh.

This way any ( unmodulated ) radiation emitted for example by the atomizer can be excluded, which is imperative for LS AAS.

Simple monochromators of the Littrow or ( better ) the Czerny-Turner design are typically used for LS AAS.

Photomultiplier tubes are the most frequently used detectors in LS AAS, although solid state detectors might be preferred because of their better signal-to-noise ratio.

There are several techniques available to correct for background absorption, and they are significantly different for LS AAS and HR-CS AAS.

In LS AAS background absorption can only be corrected using instrumental techniques, and all of them are based on two sequential measurements, firstly, total absorption ( atomic plus background ), secondly, background absorption only, and the difference of the two measurements gives the net atomic absorption.

It should also be pointed out that in LS AAS there is no way to correct for ( the rare case of ) a direct overlap of two atomic lines.

In essence there are three techniques used for background correction in LS AAS:

In HR-CS AAS background correction is carried out mathematically in the software using information from detector pixels that are not used for measuring atomic absorption ; hence, in contrast to LS AAS, no additional components are required for background correction.

As measurement of total and background absorption, and correction for the latter, are strictly simultaneous ( in contrast to LS AAS ), even the fastest changes of background absorption, as they may be observed in ET AAS, do not cause any problem.

In addition, as the same algorithm is used for background correction and elimination of lamp noise, the background corrected signals show a much better signal-to-noise ratio compared to the uncorrected signals, which is also in contrast to LS AAS.

The LS represents a typical poor ( that is, lacking a high density core ) supercluster of rather small size.

Noteworthy microquasars include SS 433, in which atomic emission lines are visible from both jets ; GRS 1915 + 105, with an especially high jet velocity ; the very bright Cygnus X-1 ; and the microquasar candidate LS I + 61 303, which has been discovered to emit VHE ( Very High Energy ) gamma rays.

The vehicle's exterior styling blended elements of the then-current Lexus LS flagship and SC performance coupe in a rounded, aerodynamic wedge-like shape which featured a high rear decklid and longer and wider proportions than rival vehicles.

* LS ( luxury / high end trim level, discontinued after 1992 )

Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School ( LSRHS or LS ) is a public, regional high school located at 390 Lincoln Road in Sudbury, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Its current superintendent / principal is Scott Carpenter.

Later Newton identified another resolution of the perturbing acceleration LM + MS = LS, into orthogonal components: a transverse component parallel to LE, and a radial component, effectively ES.

In the Paschen-Back effect, described below, exceeds the LS coupling significantly ( but is still small compared to ).

The Virgo Supercluster ( Virgo SC ) or Local Supercluster ( LSC or LS ) is the irregular supercluster that contains the Virgo Cluster in addition to the Local Group, which in turn contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies.

The Local Group is located on the outskirts of the LS in a small filament extending from the Fornax Cluster to the Virgo Cluster.

The number density of galaxies in the LS falls off with the square of the distance from its center near the Virgo Cluster, suggesting that this cluster is not randomly located.

An example of this is the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, the nearest supercluster to the LS, which starts at a distance of roughly 30 Mpc and extends to 60 Mpc.

While astronomers are confident of the velocity of the LS, which has been measured against the Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ), the nature of what is causing it remains poorly understood.

Its Naval equivalent is Leading Seaman ( LS ).

The biggest producer in the Kizomba field is Nelo Paim who works in conjunction with Afonso Quintas and LS Productions.

Although the Volkswagen group already has a direct competitor in the full-sized luxury segment, the Audi A8, the Phaeton is intended to be more of a comfort-oriented limousine like the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Lexus LS, while the Audi A8 and BMW 7 Series are more sport-oriented.

The Syrian pound ( sign: LS or £ S ; Arabic: الليرة السورية al-līra as-sūriyya, French: livre syrienne ; ISO code: SYP ) is the currency of Syria and is issued by the Central Bank of Syria.

Levi Strauss & Co. (), also known as LS & CO or simply Levi's, is a privately held American clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's brand of denim jeans.

The car was styled by Geoff Lawson and is based on the Jaguar DEW platform / Ford DEW platform, shared with the Lincoln LS.

Besides, the numbers above are difficult to translate into any meaningful steps because the NHTSA does not define a car or a light truck very well ( e. g., the Chrysler PT Cruiser is classified as a light truck whereas a Lexus LS 600h L, a vehicle that weighs 66 % more per published specifications, is classified as a car ).

* Balance ( advertisement ), a 1989 award-winning television advertisement for the Lexus LS 400

; LS: ICAO airport code or nationality letters for location indicator ( see also: List of airport codes: LS )

* United States Consumer Guide's categorization which sorts luxury vehicles by size acknowledges that there can be considerable price variations within a class ; for instance the Lincoln Town Car has a relatively low MSRP ( Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price ) compared to the Jaguar XJ, BMW 7 Series, Lexus LS, or Mercedes-Benz S-Class.

The newspaper uncovered many political scandals, including a former member of the Legislative Council not reporting conflict of interest in 2000, a former Financial Secretary Antony Leung for tax evasion on a Lexus LS 430 which saved him HK $ 50, 000 ( USD $ 6, 400 ), and many others, leading to the convictions or forced resignations of those individuals.

* LS, IATA code for Jet2. com, a British airline

* LS, the code for County Laois, Ireland

For the game, Washington Redskins players T Chris Samuels, TE Chris Cooley, and LS Ethan Albright all wore the number 21 ( a number normally inappropriate for their positions ) in memory of their teammate Sean Taylor, who had been murdered during the 2007 season.

The 2000 – 2002 Lincoln LS V8 ( the five-speed automatic without manumatic capabilities, as opposed to the optional sport package w / manu-matic 5-speed ) started in 2nd gear during most starts both in winter and other seasons by selecting the " D5 " transmission selection notch in the shiftgate ( for fuel savings ), whereas " D4 " would always start in 1st gear.