Newfoundland English in Canada is a notable exception.

* 1583 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

In the four Atlantic provinces ( Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador ), the reception of English law was automatic, under the principle set out by Blackstone relating to settled colonies.

While Maritimers are predominantly of west European heritage ( Scottish, Irish, English, and Acadian ), immigration to Industrial Cape Breton during the heyday of coal mining and steel manufacturing brought people from eastern Europe as well as from Newfoundland.

An example of a nonstandard English dialect is Southern American English or Newfoundland English.

* 1613 – The first English child born in Canada at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland to Nicholas Guy.

Newfoundland English is a name for several accents and dialects thereof the English found in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

The dialects that comprise Newfoundland English developed because of Newfoundland's history as well as its geography.

Historically, Newfoundland English was first recognized as a separate dialect by the late 18th century when George Cartwright published a glossary of Newfoundland words.

Newfoundland English is often humorously called Newfinese.

Some Newfoundland English differs from General Canadian English in vowel pronunciation ( e. g., in much of Newfoundland, the words fear and fair are homophones ), in morphology and syntax ( e. g., in Newfoundland the word bes is sometimes used in place of the normally conjugated forms of to be to describe continual actions or states of being, as in that rock usually bes under water instead of that rock is usually under water, but normal conjugation of to be is used in all other cases ; bes is likely a carryover of British Somerset usage with Irish grammar ) or Cornish, and in preservation of archaic adverbial-intensifiers ( e. g., in Newfoundland that play was right boring and that play was some boring both mean " that play was very boring ").

Other marked characteristics of Newfoundland English include the loss of dental fricatives ( voiced and voiceless th sounds ) in many varieties of the dialect ( as in many other nonstandard varieties of English ); they are usually replaced with the closest voiced or voiceless alveolar stop ( t or d ).

* 1527 – The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.

It is also the first known European record ( in chapter 38 ) that mentions Vinland ( Winland ) island ( insula ), a land centuries later possibly identified as Newfoundland, Canada, North America, as well as dog-headed people in Scandinavia.

The practice of bedecking the May Bush / Dos Bhealtaine with flowers, ribbons, garlands and coloured egg shells is found among the Gaelic diaspora, most notably in Newfoundland, and in some Easter traditions on the East Coast of the United States.

In some areas of Newfoundland, the custom of decorating the May bush, or bough, is also still extant.

As an example, in British Columbia the forestry industry is of great importance, while the oil and gas industry is important in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and Labrador.

The reception date for New Brunswick is 1660 ; for Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, 1758 ; and for Newfoundland and Labrador, 1825.

In some parts of Atlantic Canada, such as Newfoundland, Celtic music is as or more popular than in the old country.

Nevertheless, the usage of Treptichnus pedum, a reference ichnofossil for the lower boundary of the Cambrian, for the stratigraphic detection of this boundary is always risky because of occurrence of very similar trace fossils belonging to the Treptichnids group well below the T. pedum in Namibia, Spain and Newfoundland, and possibly, in the western USA.

The Marine Atlantic terminal at North Sydney is the terminal for large ferries travelling to Channel-Port aux Basques and seasonally to Argentia on the island of Newfoundland.

The scenery of the island is rivalled in northeastern North America only by Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island tourism marketing places a heavy emphasis on its Scottish Gaelic heritage through events such as the Celtic Colours Festival, held each October, as well as promotions through the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts.

The region is located northeast of New England, southeast of Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula, and southwest of the island of Newfoundland.

The Mi ' kmaq Nation is also assumed to have crossed the present-day Cabot Strait at around this time to settle on the south coast of Newfoundland but were in a minority position compared to the Beothuk Nation.

There is speculation that Viking explorers discovered and settled in the Vinland region around 1000 AD, which is when the L ' Anse aux Meadows settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador has been dated, and it is possible that further exploration was made into the present-day Maritimes and northeastern United States.

Acadians eventually built small settlements throughout what is today mainland Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, as well as Île-Saint-Jean ( Prince Edward Island ), Île-Royale ( Cape Breton Island ), and other shorelines of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in present-day Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec.

The Canadian Senate is structured along regional lines, giving an equal number of seats ( 24 ) to the Maritimes, Ontario, Quebec, and western Canada, in addition to the later entry of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the three territories.

* 2001 – The Canadian province of Newfoundland is renamed Newfoundland and Labrador.

The GSSP of the upper boundary of the Ediacaran is the lower boundary of the Cambrian on the SE coast of Newfoundland approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as a preferred alternative to the base of the Tommotian Stage in Siberia which was selected on the basis of the ichnofossils Treptichnus pedum.

As to the Treptichnus pedum, a reference ichnofossil for the lower boundary of the Cambrian, its usage for the stratigraphic detection of this boundary is always risky because of the occurrence of very similar trace fossils belonging to the Treptichnids group well below the T. pedum in Namibia, Spain and Newfoundland, and possibly, in the western United States.

The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary GSSP at Fortune Head, Newfoundland is a typical GSSP.

According to his biographers, King lacked the typical personal attributes of great leaders, especially in comparison with Franklin D. Roosevelt of the U. S., Winston Churchill of Great Britain, Charles de Gaulle of France, or even Joey Smallwood of Newfoundland.

He was similar in appearance to a modern Flat-Coated Retriever, but was instead identified at the time as a Newfoundland dog, despite being considerably smaller and lighter in build than the typical modern Newfoundland dog, possibly because he was reported to have been born in Newfoundland.

Terra Nova's landscape is typical of the northeast coast of Newfoundland, with remnants of the Appalachian Mountains contributing to widely varied and rugged topography throughout the region.

Being built primarily for speed, borzoi do not carry large amounts of body fat or muscle, and therefore have a rather different physiology to other dogs of similar size ( such as the Newfoundland, St. Bernard, or Alaskan Malamute ).

In Canada the provinces of Atlantic Canada are known for being a home of Celtic music, most notably on the islands of Newfoundland, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island.

In 1610 Bacon and his associates received a charter from the king to form the Tresurer and the Companye of Adventurers and planter of the Cittye of London and Bristoll for the Collonye or plantacon in Newfoundland and sent John Guy to found a colony there.

A later claim of a live individual sighted in 1852 on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland has been accepted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ( IUCN ).

Cook's aptitude for surveying was put to good use mapping the jagged coast of Newfoundland in the 1760s, aboard the HMS Grenville.

* 1610 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.

Several nationalist leaders banded together in 1916 under the leadership of Annie Besant to voice a demand for self-government, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time.

Only Prince Edward Island, Yukon and Newfoundland and Labrador do not have legislation in place for the practice of midwifery.

* 1919 – A naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read leaves Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight.

It includes some Inuit and First Nations words ( for example tabanask, a kind of sled ), preserved archaic English words no longer found in other English dialects ( for example pook, a mound of hay ), Irish language survivals like sleveen and angishore, compound words created from English words to describe things unique to Newfoundland ( for example stun breeze, a wind of at least 20 knots ( 37 km / h )), English words which have undergone a semantic shift ( for example rind, the bark of a tree ), and unique words whose origins are unknown ( for example diddies, a nightmare ).