As Sir Charles Oman once said, `` it is no longer fashionable to declare that we can say nothing certain about Old English origins ''.

The New English Bible ( the Old Testament and Apocrypha will be published at a future date ) has not been planned to rival or replace the King James Version, but, as its cover states, it is offered `` simply as the Bible to all those who will use it in reading, teaching, or worship ''.

Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Old English and Icelandic and Ȣ in Algonquian ; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes ; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified d. Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y and w only in foreign words.

The vernacular name daisy, widely applied to members of this family, is derived from its Old English meaning, dægesege, from dæges eage meaning " day's eye ," and this was because the petals ( of Bellis perennis ) open at dawn and close at dusk.

After narrowly winning the Second Test at Lord's, dubbed " The Battle of the Ridge " because of a protrusion on the pitch that caused erratic bounce, Australia mounted a comeback on the final day of the Fourth Test at Old Trafford and sealed the series after a heavy collapse during the English runchase.

An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.

The English word amber derives from the Arabic anbar, via Medieval Latin ambar and Old French ambre.

Known to the Iranians by the Pahlavi compound word kah-ruba ( from kah “ straw ” plus rubay “ attract, snatch ,” referring to its electrical properties ), which entered Arabic as kahraba ' or kahraba, it too was called amber in Europe ( Old French and Middle English ambre ).

According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Asgard is derived from Old Norse āss, god + garðr, enclosure ; from Indo-European roots ansu-spirit, demon ( see cognate ahura ) + gher-grasp, enclose ( see cognates garden and yard ).< ref >; See also ansu-and gher -< sup > 1 </ sup > in " Appendix I: Indo-European Roots " in the same work .</ ref >

The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum, preserved in Old English in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge ( Manuscript 383 ), and in a Latin compilation known as Quadripartitus, was negotiated later, perhaps in 879 or 880, when King Ceolwulf II of Mercia was deposed.

The Old English versions of Orosius's Histories against the Pagans and Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People are no longer accepted by scholars as Alfred's own translations because of lexical and stylistic differences.

Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge suggest this also for Bald's Leechbook and the anonymous Old English Martyrology.

The Alfred jewel, discovered in Somerset in 1693, has long been associated with King Alfred because of its Old English inscription " AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN " ( Alfred ordered me to be made ).

These scholars have claimed this element represents an Old English word amor, the name of a woodland bird.

The word acre is derived from Old English æcer originally meaning " open field ", cognate to west coast Norwegian ækre and Swedish åker, German Acker, Dutch akker, Latin ager, and Greek αγρός ( agros ).

Theodism, or Þéodisc Geléafa ( Old English: " tribal belief ") is another form of Germanic neopaganism that developed in the United States contemporaneous with Asatru.

The word Angst has existed since the 8th century, from the Proto-Indo-European root * anghu -, " restraint " from which Old High German angust developed.

The word is derived from the Greek ( antiphōna ) via Old English, a word which originally had the same meaning as antiphon.

Ægir is an Old Norse word meaning " terror " and the name of a destructive giant associated with the sea ; ægis is the genitive ( possessive ) form of ægir and has no direct relation to Greek aigis.

Abettor ( from to abet, Old French abeter, à and beter, to bait, urge dogs upon any one ; this word is probably of Scandinavian origin, meaning to cause to bite ), is a legal term implying one who instigates, encourages or assists another to commit an offence.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

The word autumn comes from the Old French word autompne ( automne in modern French ), and was later normalised to the original Latin word autumnus.

The Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an Old English word brycg, of the same meaning, derived from the hypothetical Proto-Germanic root brugjō.

The word comes from Old English " bōc " which ( itself ) comes from the Germanic root "* bōk -", cognate to beech.

The first known use of the word ball in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in in the phrase, "" The word came from the Middle English bal ( inflected as ball-e ,-es, in turn from Old Norse böllr ( pronounced ; compare Old Swedish baller, and Swedish boll ) from Proto-Germanic ballu-z, ( whence probably Middle High German bal, ball-es, Middle Dutch bal ), a cognate with Old High German ballo, pallo, Middle High German balle from Proto-Germanic * ballon ( weak masculine ), and Old High German ballâ, pallâ, Middle High German balle, Proto-Germanic * ballôn ( weak feminine ).

The word black comes from Old English blæc (" black, dark ", also, " ink "), from Proto-Germanic * blakkaz (" burned "), from Proto-Indo-European * bhleg-(" to burn, gleam, shine, flash "), from base * bhel-(" to shine "), related to Old Saxon blak (" ink "), Old High German blah (" black "), Old Norse blakkr (" dark "), Dutch blaken (" to burn "), and Swedish bläck (" ink ").

A table comparing the canons of some of these traditions appears below, comparing the Jewish Bible with the Christian Old Testament and New Testament.

It is the most widely copied Old English poem, and appears in 45 manuscripts, but its attribution to Bede is not absolutely certain — not all manuscripts name Bede as the author, and the ones that do are of later origin than those that do not.

The Greek word Messias appears only twice in the Greek Old Testament of the promised prince ( Daniel 9: 26 ; Psalm 2: 2 ); yet, when a name was wanted for the promised one, who was to be at once King and Savior, this title was used.

Where the Diatessaron records Gospel quotations from the Jewish Scriptures, the text appears to agree with that found in the Syriac Peshitta Old Testament rather than that found in the Greek Septuagint — as used by the original Gospel authors.

An Old Latin version of Tatian's Syriac text appears to have circulated in the West from the late 2nd century ; with a sequence adjusted to conform more closely to that of the canonical Gospel of Luke, and also including additional material ( such as the pericope of the adulteress ), possibly from the Gospel of the Hebrews.

The Old French term dague appears to have referred to these weapons in the 13th century, alongside other terms such as poignal and basilard.

The notion of elves thus appears similar to the animistic belief in spirits of nature and of the deceased, common to nearly all human religions ; this is also true for the Old Norse belief in dísir, fylgjur and vörðar (" follower " and " warden " spirits, respectively ).

" The root also appears in Old Saxon fri which means " beloved lady ", in Swedish as fria (" to propose for marriage ") and in Icelandic as frjá which means " to love.

Although verse 7 does not appear in any version of the Greek text prior to the ninth century, it appears in most of the Latin manscripts, especially in the Vetus Itala ( Old Latin predating Jerome ).

The island of Lindisfarne appears under the Old Welsh name Medcaut in the ninth-century Historia Brittonum.

In Old Saxon Heliand it appears as and in Old High German poem Muspilli it appears as.

Njörðr's name appears in a word for sponge ; Njarðarvöttr ( Old Norse " Njörðr's glove ").

The current word plough comes from Old Norse plógr, and therefore Germanic, but it appears relatively late ( it is absent from Gothic ), and is thought to be a loanword from one of the north Italic languages.

The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in the late 14th century, first in the sense of " refreshment or curing of a sick person ", and derived from Old French, in turn from Latin ( re: " again ", creare: " to create, bring forth, beget.

It has most recently been suggested that the name derives ultimately from Old Norse, and comes from the word * rok ( as in Icelandic rok ), meaning ' foaming sea ', and kollR, meaning ' bald head ', a word which appears in other local names in Scandinavian-speaking areas.

While the name Sigyn is found as a female personal name in Old Norse sources ( Old Norse sigr meaning " victory " and vina meaning " girl-friend "), and though in surviving sources she is largely restricted to a single role, she appears in the 9th century Haustlöng from pagan times, written by the skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir.

In the story " The Old Castle's Secret ", the villain Diamond Dick disguises himself as Quackly's ghost to scare Scrooge McDuck away, while in the later " The Last of the Clan McDuck ", Quackly's ghost appears in person, advising a young Scrooge McDuck without revealing his true identity.

In early Germanic paganism, * Wulþuz (" glory "; Old Norse Ullr ) appears to have been a major god, or an epithet of an important god, in prehistoric times.

The related Old Norse masculine noun víkingr appears in Viking Age skaldic poetry and on several rune stones found in Scandinavia, where it refers to a seaman or warrior who takes part in an expedition overseas.

A later thrust by the West Saxons up the Avon towards Old Sarum in 519 appears to have been checked by the Britons at Charford.