* 1963 – Execution of Henry John Burnett, the last man to be hanged in Scotland, UK.

The inauguration of John Balliol as king on 30 November 1292 ended the six years of interregnum when the Guardians of Scotland governed the land.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

Calvin's follower John Knox brought Presbyterianism to Scotland when the Scottish church was reformed in 1560.

As well as stories from the Old Testament, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress and Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, she grew up with Aesop ’ s Fables, the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen, Charles Kingsley's The Water Babies, the folk tales and mythology of Scotland, the German Romantics, Shakespeare, and the romances of Sir Walter Scott.

The last of these also contained some oral material and by the end of the 18th century this was becoming increasingly common, with collections including John Ritson's, The Bishopric Garland ( 1784 ), which paralleled the work of figures like Robert Burns and Walter Scott in Scotland.

John Knox took The Form of Prayers with him to Scotland, where it formed the basis of the Scots Book of Common Order.

However, when John Knox returned to Scotland in 1559, he continued to use the Form of Prayer he had created for the English exiles in Geneva, and in 1564, this supplanted the Book of Common Prayer under the title of the Book of Common Order.

Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in Scotland ( see John Knox ), the Netherlands, with men such as William Ames, T J Frelinghuysen and Wilhelmus à Brakel and parts of Germany ( especially those adjacent to the Netherlands ) with the likes of Olevianus and his colleague Zacharias Ursinus.

Pius IV sent the decrees to Mary, Queen of Scots, with a letter dated June 13, 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation.

* History of Scotland, De origine, moribus, ac rebus gestis Scotiae libri decem, John Leslie

At the age of 10 he was taken by his mother to hear a talk given by John Thomas in Aberdeen, Scotland.

This is only 35 years before John Thomas ' 1849 lecture tour in Britain which attracted significant support from an existing non-Trinitarian Adventist base, particularly, initially, in Scotland where Arian Socinian and unitarian ( with a small ' u ' as distinct from the Unitarian Church of Theophilus Lindsey ) views were prevalent.

The Pope had recognised Edward I of England's claim to overlordship of Scotland in 1305 and Bruce was excommunicated by the Pope for murdering John Comyn before the altar in Greyfriars Church in Dumfries in 1306.

The reason given in the Declaration is that Bruce was able to defend Scotland from English aggression whereas, by implication, King John could not.

A feature of these publications is the high-quality illustrations made by engravers like Wilson Lowry of art work supplied by specialist draftsmen like John Farey, Jr. Encyclopaedias were published in Scotland, as a result of the Scottish Enlightenment, for education there was of a higher standard than in the rest of the United Kingdom.

Poe attended the grammar school in Irvine, Scotland ( where John Allan was born ) for a short period in 1815, before rejoining the family in London in 1816.

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.

* McKirdy, Alan Gordon, John & Crofts, Roger ( 2007 ) Land of Mountain and Flood: The Geology and Landforms of Scotland.

To prevent civil war the Scottish magnates asked Edward I of England to arbitrate, for which he extracted legal recognition that the realm of Scotland was held as a feudal dependency to the throne of England before choosing John Balliol, the man with the strongest claim, who became king in 1292.

Over the next few years Edward I used the concessions he had gained to systematically undermine both the authority of King John and the independence of Scotland.

In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposing King John.

For a short time Wallace ruled Scotland in the name of John Balliol as Guardian of the realm.

In 1320 the Declaration of Arbroath, a remonstrance to the Pope from the nobles of Scotland, helped convince Pope John XXII to overturn the earlier excommunication and nullify the various acts of submission by Scottish kings to English ones so that Scotland's sovereignty could be recognised by the major European dynasties.

In 1559 John Knox returned from ministering in Geneva to lead the Calvinism | Calvinist reformation in Scotland

The son of James II planned to invade England, but before he could do so, John Erskine, Earl of Mar, launched an invasion from Scotland, which was easily defeated.

A man pours some whisky into a flask in this 1869 oil painting by Scottish artist Erskine Nicol. After the English Malt Tax of 1725, most of Scotland ’ s distillation was either shut down or forced underground.

However, in objecting strongly to the form and pattern of Union Flag adopted by James ' heralds, whereby the cross of Saint George surmounted that of Saint Andrew, ( regarded in Scotland as a slight upon the Scottish nation ), a great number of shipmasters and ship-owners in Scotland took up the matter with John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, and encouraged him to send a letter of complaint, dated 7 August 1606, to James VI, via the Privy Council of Scotland, stating:

: John Erskine, 22nd Earl of Mar had served as Secretary of State of an independent Scotland since 1705.

Alloa's most notable visible landmark is the 15th century Alloa Tower ( National Trust for Scotland ), the surviving part of the ancestral medieval residence of the Erskine family, the Earls of Mar.

In 1823 Erskine set out by sea on another visit to Scotland with one of his sons, hoping to see his brother the Earl of Buchan.

The title Earl of Kellie or Kelly is one of the peerage titles of in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1619 for Sir Thomas Erskine, who was Captain of the Guard and Groom of the Stool for James VI.

General James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn GCB, PC ( 6 February 1762 – 18 January 1837 ), known as Sir James Erskine, Bt, between 1765 and 1789 and as Sir James St Clair-Erskine, Bt, between 1789 and 1805, was a Scottish soldier, politician, and Acting Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, on behalf of King George IV.

Gillies and Erskine led the SNL into the formation of the National Party of Scotland ( NPS ) in 1928, which was far more moderate than the SNL.

Despite his aristocratic background, Erskine had links with the socialist figure John Maclean who was himself an advocate of an independent ( socialist ) Scotland.

Erskine attempted to get independent representation for Scotland at the Paris Peace Conference at the end of the First World War.

Erskine and Gillies led the SNL into joining with other groups to form the National Party of Scotland ( NPS ) in 1928.

Ebenezer Erskine ( 22 June 1680 – 2 June 1754 ) was a Scottish minister whose actions led to the establishment of the Secession Church ( formed of dissenters from the Church of Scotland ).

Erskine is a town in the council area of Renfrewshire, and historic county of the same name, in the west central Lowlands of Scotland.

Percy Erskine Nobbs ( August 11, 1875 – November 5, 1964 ) was a Canadian architect who was born in Haddington, Scotland and trained in the United Kingdom.

By 1739, a Scottish Presbyterian pastor Ebenezer Erskine led a group of ministers to leave the Church of Scotland who formed a separate group the Seceders which again opposed the main group and had doctrinal differences.

* John Erskine of Dun ( 1509 – 1591 ), Superintendent of Angus and Mearns, Scotland, and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

* John Erskine ( theologian ), ( 1721 – 1803 ), leading member of the Evangelicals in the Church of Scotland

Erskine had led a group of separatists from the Church of Scotland to found an Associate Presbytery.

Erskine retired from the professorship in 1765 and devoted himself to a new work " An Institute of the Law of Scotland.

Bishopton (, ) is a large village in Renfrewshire, Scotland, a few miles west of Erskine.