In Scotland, the fiery cross, known as the Crann Tara, was used as a declaration of war.

The " Dear Green Place " and " City of God " required government troops to put down the rioters tearing up copies of the Treaty, as at almost every mercat cross in Scotland.

This is not a sign of homage to the Irish but of the conquest of French speaking Québec by the British who use the symbols of France, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland bounded within the English cross of St. George.

The colours are identical to the ones in the Flag of Scotland, but shaped in the Nordic cross.

The Southern Picts, for whom Ninian is held to be the apostle, are the Picts south of the mountains known as the Mounth, which cross Scotland north of the Firths of Clyde and Forth.

He continued his missionary work, travelling the breadth of the country from Berwick to Galloway to carry out pastoral work and founding an oratory at Dull, Scotland complete with a large stone cross, and a little cell for himself, at a site which subsequently became a monastery then later the University of St Andrews.

At the centre of a large rural agricultural hinterland that encompasses some of the flattest and most productive land in Scotland, Stirling principally functioned as a market town, symbolised by its Mercat cross, with farmers coming to sell their products and wares in the large agricultural market that was held in the town.

The term " high cross " is mainly used in Ireland and Scotland, but the tradition across the whole of the British Isles, is essentially a single phenomenon, though there are certainly strong regional variations.

In Pictish Scotland the cross-slab, a flat stone with a cross in relief or incised on an essentially rectangular stone, developed as a hybrid form of the Pictish stone and the high cross.

A cross near Broomhouse Hill across the river from the castle marks the spot where Malcolm III of Scotland was killed in 1093, during the first Battle of Alnwick.

According to legend, the Christian apostle and martyr Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, was crucified on an X-shaped cross at Patras, ( Patrae ), in Achaea.

Use of the familiar iconography of his martyrdom, showing the apostle bound to an X-shaped cross, first appears in the Kingdom of Scotland in 1180 during the reign of William I.

Use of a simplified symbol associated with Saint Andrew which does not depict his image, namely the saltire, or crux decussata, ( from the Latin crux, ' cross ', and decussis, ' having the shape of the Roman numeral X '), has its origins in the late 14th century ; the Parliament of Scotland having decreed in 1385 that Scottish soldiers shall wear a white Saint Andrew's Cross on their person, both in front and behind, for the purpose of identification.

However, in objecting strongly to the form and pattern of Union Flag adopted by James ' heralds, whereby the cross of Saint George surmounted that of Saint Andrew, ( regarded in Scotland as a slight upon the Scottish nation ), a great number of shipmasters and ship-owners in Scotland took up the matter with John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, and encouraged him to send a letter of complaint, dated 7 August 1606, to James VI, via the Privy Council of Scotland, stating:

Within Scotland, the Forth and Clyde Canal and the Union Canal connected the major cities in the industrial Central Belt ; they also provide a short cut for boats to cross between the west and the east without a sea voyage.

On his way through Europe -- England, Scotland, Austria, Finland and Estonia -- he has sex with all willing women and girls that cross his path, " asserting my inalienable right to freedom ".

The supporters were: dexter a unicorn of Scotland imperially crowned, supporting a tilting lance flying a banner Azure a saltire Argent ( Cross of Saint Andrew ) and sinister the crowned lion of England supporting a similar lance flying a banner Argent a cross Gules ( Cross of Saint George ).

It consists of the red cross of Saint George ( patron saint of England ), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick ( patron saint of Ireland ), which are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew ( patron saint of Scotland ).

Also in 1919, the British were the first to cross the Atlantic in an airship when the R34 captained by Major George Herbert Scott of the Royal Air Force with his crew and passengers flew from East Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, Long Island, covering a distance of about in about four and a half days ; he then made a return trip to England, thus also completing the first double crossing of the Atlantic ( east – west – east ).

Various schemes to link Queen Street to Central Station have been considered, as passengers travelling from the north of Scotland to the south and vice-versa via Glasgow have to cross the city centre.

Irish examples with a head in Celtic cross form include the Cross of Kells, Ardboe High Cross, the crosses at Monasterboice, and the Cross of the Scriptures, Clonmacnoise, as well as those in Scotland at Iona and the Kildalton Cross, which may be the earliest to survive in good condition.

Other stone crosses are found in the former Northumbria and Scotland, and further south in England, where they merge with the similar Anglo-Saxon cross making tradition, in the Ruthwell Cross for example.

The organization of cross country running in the United Kingdom has continued to be mostly devolved to the four national associations: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Argon ( αργος, Greek meaning " inactive ", in reference to its chemical inactivity ) was suspected to be present in air by Henry Cavendish in 1785 but was not isolated until 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in Scotland in an experiment in which they removed all of the oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen from a sample of clean air.

* " Towers of stone – the brochs of Scotland ", from The Scotsman, 27 February 2006.

The first world championship for curling was limited to men and was known as the " Scotch Cup ", held in Falkirk and Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1959.

In his fictional historical essay " The Hyborian Age ", Howard describes how the people of Atlantis — the land where his character King Kull originated — had to move east after a great cataclysm changed the face of the world and sank their island, settling where Ireland and Scotland would eventually be located, Thus they are ( in Howard's work ) the ancestors of the Irish and Scottish ( the Celtic Gaels ) and not the Picts, the other ancestor of modern Scots who also appear in Howard's work.

The " Dear Green Place ", like much of Scotland, was a hotbed of unrest against the Union.

On the base of the statue were inscribed the opening words of the Scotland Act: " There Shall Be A Scottish Parliament ", a phrase to which Dewar himself famously said, " I like that!

The term " folk ", by the start of the 21st century, could cover singer song-writers, such as Donovan from Scotland and American Bob Dylan, who emerged in the 1960s and much more.

An often quoted example is Samuel Johnson's definition for oats: " Oats: a grain which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland, supports the people ", to which his Scots friend, Lord Elibank, retorted, " Yes, and where else will you see such horses and such men?

Historiographer therefore meant " historian ", and it is in this sense that certain official historians were given the title " Historiographer Royal ", in Sweden ( from 1618 ), England ( from 1660 ), and Scotland ( from 1681 ).

His reign saw what has been characterised as a " Davidian Revolution ", by which native institutions and personnel were replaced by English and French ones, underpinning the development of later Medieval Scotland.

In Scotland and Ireland, traditional Halloween customs include children dressing up in costume going " guising ", holding parties, while other practices in Ireland include lighting bonfires, and having firework displays.

The Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland describes the Inner Hebrides as lying " east of The Minch ", which would include any and all offshore islands.

* 1295 – Scotland and France form an alliance, the so-called " Auld Alliance ", against England.

A couple jumping the broom. Jumping the broom is a phrase and custom relating to wedding ceremonies in different cultural traditions, found in " many diverse cultures, those of Africa − Europe including Scotland, Hungary and Gypsy culture ", all of which " include brooms at wedding rituals.

In southwest England, in Wales, and in the border areas between Scotland and England, " some couples ... agreed to marry verbally, without exchanging legal contracts .... thers jumped over broomsticks placed across their thresholds to officialize their union and create new households ", indicating that contractless weddings and jumping the broomstick were different kinds of marriage.

In mediæval times the feast was sometimes known in England and Scotland as the " Gule of August ", but the meaning of " gule " is unclear.

While the Office for National Statistics and others describe the United Kingdom as a " nation state ", others, including a then Prime Minister, describe it as a " multinational state ", and the term Home Nations is used to describe the four national teams that represent the four nations of the United Kingdom ( England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales ).

Rousay ( meaning Rolf's Island ) is a small, hilly island about north of Orkney's Mainland, off the north coast of Scotland, and has been nicknamed " the Egypt of the north ", due to its archaeological diversity and importance.

Many pubs use " Inn " in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word " in ", as in " The Welcome Inn ", the name of many pubs in Scotland.

* 2009: The third volume of Jack Whyte's Templar Trilogy, " Order in Chaos ", is largely set in Scotland during the rise of The Bruce.

Scotland Yard is briefly mentioned in the opening of the second act of the Broadway musical Jekyll & Hyde in the song entitled " Murder, Murder ", about the catching of a murderer.

" A Brief History of Scotland Yard ", Smithsonian. com, September 28, 2007.