Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

The spread of Akkadian stretched from Syria to Elam, and even the Elamite language was temporarily written in Mesopotamian cuneiform.

These Amazons conquered Armenia, Syria, and all of Asia Minor, even reaching Ionia and Aeolia, holding this vast territory for 100 years.

Josiah Russell calculates that all of Syria had about 2. 3 million people at the time of the crusades, with perhaps eleven thousand villages ; most of these, of course, were outside of crusader rule even at the greatest extent of all four crusader states.

A campaign of bomb attacks against politicians, journalists and even civilian neighborhoods associated with the anti-Syrian camp has provoked much negative attention for Syria in the UN and elsewhere.

Syrian – Turkish relations have long been strained even though Turkey shares its longest common border with Syria and various other geographic, cultural, and historical links tie the two neighboring states together.

The central claim of Kahanism is that the vast majority of the Arabs of Israel are now, and will continue to be, enemies of Jews and Israel itself, and that a Jewish theocratic state, governed by Halakha, absent of a voting non-Jewish population and including Israel, the West Bank, Gaza Strip, areas of modern-day Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and even Iraq should be created.

Having been accepted as Emperor by Syria, Palestine and Egypt, Cassius carried on his rebellion even after it had become obvious that Marcus was still alive.

While in Egypt and Mesopotamia, writing developed before 3000 BC, writing was not really used in Jordan, Canaan and Syria until some thousand years later, even though archeological evidence indicates that the Jordanians were in fact trading with Egypt and Mesopotamia.

However, even North Korea has extensive trade with the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, Syria, Iran, Vietnam, and many countries in Europe and Africa.

The Late Bronze Age state of Ugarit ( modern Ras Shamra in Syria ) is considered quintessentially Canaanite archaeologically, even though its Ugaritic language does not belong to the Canaanite group proper.

Egyptian power in Canaan thus suffered a major setback when the Hittites ( or Hatti ) advanced into Syria in the reign of Amenhotep III, and became even more threatening in that of his successor, displacing the Amorites and prompting a resumption of Semitic migration.

After Egypt, the Fatimids continued to conquer the surrounding areas until they ruled from Tunisia to Syria, and even ruling Sicily, and southern parts of the Italian Peninsula.

A fundamental change occurred when the Fatimid Caliph attempted to push into Syria in the later half of the 10th century, here they were faced with the now Turkish dominated forces of the Abbasid Caliph and began to realize the limits of their current military, thus during the reign of Abu Mansur Nizar al-Aziz Billah and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah the Caliph began incorporating armies of Turks and later Black Africans ( even later, other groups such as Armenians were also used ).

" The caravan of all ages, from the interior of Arabia and from the Persian Gulf, from Hadhramaut on the ocean, and even from Sabea ( Sheba ) or Yemen, appear to have pointed to Petra as a common centre ; and from Petra the tide seems again to have branched out in every direction, to Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, through Arsinoe, Gaza, Tyre, Jerusalem, and Damascus, and by other routes, terminating at the Mediterranean Sea.

At this time the Greeks were embarking on an eastward expansion by founding colonies in Asia Minor and Syria ; Salamis must have served as an intermediate station ; it has even been suggested that Cypriots helped the Greeks in their venture.

However, the Seleucid kingdom was now but a shadow of its former glory, and Demetrius had a hard time ruling even in Syria.

In addition, the even more recent Turkish incursions into Anatolia and northern Syria were certainly viewed as devastating by Eastern Christian chroniclers, and it is plausible they were presented as such by the Byzantines to the Pope in order to solicit the aid of European Christians.

Tholoi were used for burial in several cultures in the Mediterranean and West Asia, but in some cases they were used for different purposes such as homes ( Cyprus ), ritual ( Syria ), and even fortification ( Spain, Sardinia ).

On 8 November 2002, the Security Council passed Resolution 1441 by a unanimous 15 – 0 vote ; Russia, China, France, and Arab countries such as Syria voted in favor, giving Resolution 1441 wider support than even the 1990 Gulf War resolution.

The last " Greek " philosophers of the revived Akademia in the 6th century were drawn from various parts of the Hellenistic cultural world and suggest the broad syncretism of the common culture ( see koine ): Five of the seven Akademia philosophers mentioned by Agathias were Syriac in their cultural origin: Hermias and Diogenes ( both from Phoenicia ), Isidorus of Gaza, Damascius of Syria, Iamblichus of Coele-Syria and perhaps even Simplicius of Cilicia.

Hoping to put international pressure on Syria to spare Cohen's life, the Israelis approached many governments to press for clemency, and even appealed to the Soviet Union to intercede.

In addition non-aligned nations such as India and Syria did participate, and even part-time NATO-member France contributed to Interkosmos, which is a reflection of the politics during the Cold War.

* In 2010, the IRC ’ s Commission on Iraqi Refugees issued a third report on displaced Iraqis entitled, “ A Tough Road Home: Uprooted Iraqis in Jordan, Syria and Iraq .” The report asserted that Iraqis are trapped in poverty and uncertainty and their needs are growing more acute, even as international attention and assistance wanes.

Circumcision was forbidden, Iudaea province was renamed Syria Palaestina and Jews ( formally all circumcised men, Arabs too ) were banned from entering the city on pain of death.

The Latin clergy were expelled after the city was captured by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt and Syria.

Antioch, the third-most important city of the Roman Empire, then the capital city of Syria province, today Antakya, Turkey, was where Christians were first called thus.

After Mesopotamia, this culture arose in Syria and Anatolia, as shown by the city of Çatalhöyük ( 7500-5700BC ).

At the conclusion of discussions with the Persians, Diocletian re-organized the Mesopotamian frontier and fortified the city of Circesium ( Buseire, Syria ) on the Euphrates.

Ephrem was born around the year 306 in the city of Nisibis ( the modern Turkish town of Nusaybin, on the border with Syria, which had come into Roman hands only in 298 ).

" Antioch, a coastal city in northern Syria and the third largest in the Roman world, is often mentioned as this later home of the Matthean community, but it could have been any large city in the eastern Mediterranean with large Jewish and Christian populations, and recent research points towards a location near Galilee or Judea.

* International School of Aleppo, the only international school in Syria and it's located in Aleppo city

Luke was a Greco-Syrian physician who lived in the Greek city of Antioch in Ancient Syria.

" For his thesis, Atta focused his studies on the ancient city of Aleppo in Syria.

In spite of his earlier hesitation to go through with the exchange, he had no doubts about his success, stating that Aleppo was " the key to the lands " and " this city is the eye of Syria and the citadel is its pupil.

Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, an Italian mission led by Prof. Paolo Matthiae discovered evidence in 1975 of a great Semitic empire, spreading from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia and thriving from 2500 to 2400 BCE.

In the Roman period, the great city of Antioch ( called " the Athens of the east " at that time ) was the capital of Syria.

The capital Damascus is the second largest city in Syria, and the metropolitan area is a governorate on its own.

Aleppo ( population 2, 301, 570 ) in northern Syria is the largest city.

Syria was an active belligerent in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights and the city of Quneitra.

* Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria in English and French, making the ancient city of Baalbek in Syria known to the West.

* Winter – The Roman Legio X Fretensis is stationed in Syria, the legionaries are settled at the ancient city of Beirut.

* Syria: Foundation of the city of Mari ( 29th century BC ).

* Timur defeats both the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt to capture the city of Damascus in present-day Syria.

* 1287 – Mamluk sultan Qalawun captures the port city of Latakia in present-day Syria.

* 740 BC: Tiglath-Pileser III conquers the city of Arpad in Syria after two years of siege.