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In a conventional rocket, the fuel is chemically combined to provide the energy, and the resulting fuel products, the ash or exhaust, are used as the working mass.
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conventional and rocket
Drexler argues that we may need to wait until our conventional nanotechnology improves before solving these issues: " Molecular manufacturing will result from a series of advances in molecular machine systems, much as the first Moon landing resulted from a series of advances in liquid-fuel rocket systems.
The energy density of a typical rocket propellant is often around one-third that of conventional hydrocarbon fuels ; the bulk of the mass is ( often relatively inexpensive ) oxidizer.
For example, from the equation, with an of 0. 7, a rocket flying at Mach 0. 85 ( which most aircraft cruise at ) with an exhaust velocity of Mach 10, would have a predicted overall energy efficiency of 5. 9 %, whereas a conventional, modern, air-breathing jet engine achieves closer to 35 % efficiency.
Thus a rocket would need about 6x more energy ; and allowing for the specific energy of rocket propellant being around one third that of conventional air fuel, roughly 18x more mass of propellant would need to be carried for the same journey.
In a conventional chemical rocket, chemical reactions of the fuel and oxidizer ( e. g. Oxygen and Kerosene ) heat the byproducts of the chemical reaction ( e. g. CO < sub > 2 </ sub > and H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ) to high temperatures as they are forced through a rocket nozzle.
In order to reach ramjet speed, it would be launched from the ground by a cluster of conventional rocket boosters.
The key difference was that they felt that the reaction could not power both the rocket and the systems, and instead included a 300 kW conventional nuclear reactor for running the ship.
In a conventional chemical rocket engine the rocket carries both its fuel and its oxidizer ( the reactant chemical which releases the enormous internal energy in the fuel ) with itself in flight.
With an air-augmented rocket, an otherwise conventional rocket engine is mounted in the center of a long tube, open at the front.
The five-hour attack began early in the evening of March 16, 1988, following a series of indiscriminate conventional ( rocket and napalm ) attacks, when Iraqi MiG and Mirage aircraft began dropping chemical bombs on Halabja's residential areas, far from the besieged Iraqi army base on the outskirts of the town.
Some spacecraft also use a heat shield ( in the conventional automotive sense ) to protect fuel tanks and equipment from heat produced by a large rocket engine.
Unlike a rocket launcher, which fires fin-stabilized rockets from a smooth bore, recoilless rifle rounds resemble conventional artillery shells.
TDR propulsion provides a long range, a high average speed, a wide operational envelope from sea level to high altitude, a flexible mission envelope via active thrust control, relatively simple design, and logistics similar to those of conventional solid rocket motors.
The high energy boron-loaded propellant provides a roughly threefold increase in specific impulse compared to conventional solid rocket motors.
Orion would have offered performance greater than the most advanced conventional or nuclear rocket engines then under consideration.
The additive still prevented the combustion of some fuel which flowed over the fuselage of the aircraft, and served to cool it, similar to how a conventional rocket engine cools its nozzle.
The system is very similar to that of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft ; the main rotors are equipped with explosive bolts and are designed to release the blades moments before the seat rocket is fired.
The heated propellant would be fed through a conventional rocket nozzle to produce thrust.
These vehicles are still designed to ascend to orbit vertically under rocket power like conventional expendable launch vehicles.
This form of propulsion differs from a conventional chemical rocket where both energy and reaction mass come from the solid or liquid propellants carried on board the vehicle.
conventional and fuel
Between 2 and 4 September 2011 on labor day weekend, the Blue Angels flew for the first time with a 50 – 50 blend of conventional JP-5 jet fuel and a camelina-based biofuel at Naval Air Station Patuxent River airshow at Patuxent River, Maryland.
Fluid-based magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) power generation has been studied as a method for extracting electrical power from nuclear reactors and also from more conventional fuel combustion systems.
Microfluidic fuel cells can use laminar flow to separate the fuel and its oxidant to control the interaction of the two fluids without a physical barrier as would be required in conventional fuel cells.
Such fuel can be transported to users through conventional pipelines and tankers.
Although a conventional carburetor, with the ability to keep the fuel / air ratio constant over a range of throttle openings was precluded by the spinning cylider block, it was possible to adjust the air supply through a separate flap valve or " bloctube ".
Thermobaric explosives rely on oxygen from the surrounding air, whereas most conventional explosives consist of a fuel-oxidizer premix ( for instance, gunpowder contains 25 % fuel and 75 % oxidizer ).
In other designs stronger cases allow the fuel to be contained long enough for the fuel to heat to well above its auto-ignition temperature, so that, even its cooling during expansion from the container, results in rapid ignition once the mixture is within conventional flammability limits.
Another method is to use conventional high explosive material to compress a fuel to fusion conditions.
The resulting system was lighter than a conventional design for any particular amount of fuel.
Components of a conventional propulsion subsystem include fuel, tankage, valves, pipes, and thrusters.
Heavy crude oil, which is much more viscous than conventional crude oil, and tar sands, where bitumen is found mixed with sand and clay, are becoming more important as sources of fossil fuel.
If the detonation does not occur exactly as planned, such as in the case of a misfire, a nuclear reaction is unlikely to occur-the explosion will be no greater than the amount of conventional explosive ( although radioactive material — the unreacted nuclear fuel — may be dispersed ).
The Airbus A340-600HGW operating the six-hour flight ran on a 50 – 50 blend of synthetic gas-to-liquids ( GTL ) and conventional oil-based kerosene developed by Shell instead of traditional, purely oil-based aviation turbine fuel.
In this conventional design, the fuel / oxidizer mixture is both the working mass and energy source that accelerates it.
The Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane has a Proton Exchange Membrane ( PEM ) fuel cell / lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor, which is coupled to a conventional propeller.
The hybrid vehicle typically achieves greater fuel economy and lower emissions than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles ( ICEVs ), resulting in fewer emissions being generated.
conventional and is
Piepsam is not, certainly, religious in any conventional sense.
In the first instance, `` mimesis '' is here used to mean the recalling of experience in terms of vivid images rather than in terms of abstract ideas or conventional designations.
Mimesis here is not to be confused with literalism or realism in the conventional sense.
It may be that in this comment he has broken from the conventional pattern more violently than in any other regard, for the treatment in his books is far removed from even the genial irony of Ellen Glasgow, who was the only important novelist before him to challenge the conventional picture of planter society.
The `` conventional '' image of a particular time and place is not necessarily congruent with the image of the facts as established over the years by scholarly and scientific research.
The Australian aborigine is the conventional exemplar of degraded humanity ; ;
For the first time in history the entire world is dominated by two large, powerful nations armed with murderous nuclear weapons that make conventional warfare of the past a nullity.
Our complaint is that in many crucial areas the Kennedy programs are not too large but too small, most seriously in regard to the conventional arms build-up and in aid and welfare measures.
Since conventional methods are insensitive at the low frequencies of these molecular transitions, the paramagnetic resonance method is being used instead.
Moreover, the piece is written in five movements, rather than the conventional four of most quintets, and this gives the opus a serenade or divertimento flavor.
With the source of light behind the copy, there is no loss of lumen output, as with conventional boards illuminated by means of reflected light.
It is believed that these boards will, within the next few years, replace many of the conventional flood-lighted boards now in use.
Willow Run, General Electric's enormous installations at Louisville and Syracuse, the Pentagon, Boeing in Seattle, Douglas and Lockheed in Los Angeles, the new automobile assembly plants everywhere -- none of these is substantially served by any sort of conventional mass rapid transit.
Musically and dramatically, Rangoni is as far removed from the conventional monk as Varlaam.
Like about half of the 1860 - 70 poems, it is a sonnet on a conventional theme -- the unhappiness of love.
The language is the conventional language of the form ; ;
And there is less rhythmic difference between progressive jazz, no matter how progressive, and Dixieland, than there is between two movements of many conventional symphonies.
In modern jazz, the saxophone is treated as a woodwind and played with conventional embouchure.
Because of undesirable flavors, odors, colors, and generally low palatability associated with radiation treatment of this magnitude, the inactivation of enzymes is best accomplished prior to irradiation by the conventional heat-processing methods of blanching.
( The P-20 input is of interest because it corresponds roughly to the light emission of conventional X-ray fluorescent screens ).
this is a `` fade '' ending, and what you have here is a downtalking style of speech, expressing something less than conventional respect for mother.
It is eminently successful according to all conventional standards.
1.969 seconds.