When the power of the latter was made both limited and explicit -- when norms were clarified and made more precise and the creation of new norms was placed exclusively in parliamentary hands -- two purposes were served: Government was made subservient to an institutionalized popular will, and law became a rational system for implementing that will, for serving conscious goals, for embodying the `` public policy ''.

Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Politics of Botswana takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Botswana is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Politics of Bulgaria take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

In April 1997, the Union of Democratic Forces ( UDF ) government won pre-term parliamentary elections and introduced an IMF currency board system which succeeded in stabilizing the economy.

The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.

Politics of Cape Verde takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Cape Verde is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Politics of the Cayman Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic overseas territory, whereby the Premier is the head of government, and of a two-party system.

The so-called Parliamentary Republic was not a true parliamentary system, in which the chief executive is elected by the legislature.

Executive responsibilities are vested in a president, who is elected directly by the voters, not by the National Assembly as it would be in a parliamentary system.

The new Račan government amended the Constitution, changing the political system from a presidential system to a parliamentary system, transferring most executive presidential powers from the president onto the institutions of the Parliament and the Prime Minister.

The politics of Croatia are defined by a parliamentary, representative democratic republic framework, where the Prime Minister of Croatia is the head of government in a multi-party system.

Under its 1990 constitution, Croatia operated a semi-presidential system until 2000 when it switched to a parliamentary system.

Most constitutional monarchies employ a parliamentary system in which the monarch may have strictly ceremonial duties or may have reserve powers, depending on the constitution.

Following the general election of 1950, the Labour party experienced a greatly reduced parliamentary majority, a mere five seats compared to the triple-digit majority of five years previous, despite an increase in the popular vote ( possible because of the first-past-the-post voting system ).

This has in some cases led to clashes between the two bodies with the Council's system of intergovernmentalism contradicting the developing parliamentary system and supranational principles.

The system before Lenin was forced to leave was similar to that of parliamentary systems were the party cabinet, and not the party leadership, were the actual leaders of the country.

It outlined Canada's system of government, which combines Britain's Westminster model of parliamentary government with division of sovereignty ( federalism ).

; Royal prerogative: Reserve powers of the Canadian Crown, being remnants of the powers once held by the British Crown, reduced over time by the parliamentary system.

So, for example, an intensional definition of ' Prime Minister ' might be the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system.

To deal with a situation in which no clear majorities appear through general elections, parties either form coalition cabinets, supported by a parliamentary majority, or minority cabinets which may consist of one or more parties.

The 2010 general election resulted in a hung parliament ( Britain's first for 36 years ), following which the Conservatives ( led by David Cameron ), which had won the largest number of seats, formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to gain a parliamentary majority, ending 13 years of Labour government.

In an attempt to quell the general unrest, the system of estates was abolished in the parliamentary reform of 1906, which also introduced universal suffrage.

Grenada continued to practise a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch ( head of state ) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party and the head of government.

Grenada is governed under a parliamentary system based on the British model ; it has a governor general, a prime minister and a cabinet, and a bicameral Parliament with an elected House of Representatives and an appointed Senate.

Some parallels can be drawn between the general election in parliamentary systems and the biennial elections determining all House seats, although there is no analogue to " calling early elections " in the U. S., and the members of the elected U. S. Senate face elections of only one-third at a time at two year intervals including during a general election.

In the November 1999 general election, the Barisan Nasional was returned to power with three-fourths of the parliamentary seats, but UMNO's seats dropped from 94 to 72.

Parties that formed a coalition for the general elections may continue to work together but they do not form a unified political bloc at the Congress ; parliamentary groups are identified by parties and not by coalitions.

Following parliamentary dissolution, the prime minister must run in the resulting general election if he or she wishes to maintain a seat in the House of Commons.

The Elizabeth Tower, in particular, which is often referred to by the name of its main bell, " Big Ben ", is an iconic landmark of London and the United Kingdom in general, one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city and an emblem of parliamentary democracy.

The SNP first won a parliamentary seat at the Motherwell by-election in 1945, but Dr Robert McIntyre MP lost the seat at the general election three months later.

The prime minister is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, whose conservative Justice and Development Party won a majority of parliamentary seats in the 2011 general elections.

* Reed's Rules, a manual of general parliamentary law ( 1894 ) http :// www. leg. wa. gov / documents / legislature / reedsrules / reeds. htm

Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament.

As in some other parliamentary systems of government ( especially those based upon the Westminster System ), the executive ( called " the government ") is drawn from and is answerable to Parliament-a successful vote of no confidence will force the government either to resign or to seek a parliamentary dissolution and a general election.

In the last few general elections, voter mandates for Westminster in the 40 % ranges have been swung into 60 % parliamentary majorities.

Since that time, the Labour and Conservatives parties have been dominant, with the Liberal Democrats also holding a significant number of seats and increasing their share of the vote in parliamentary general elections in the four elections 1992.

If the parliament passes a resolution of no confidence, or refuses to pass an important bill such as the budget, then the government must either resign so that a different government can be appointed or seek a parliamentary dissolution so that new general elections may be held in order to re-confirm or deny the government's mandate.

* The India Act requires that the governor general be chosen from outside the British East India Company and it makes company directors subject to parliamentary supervision.

Soldiers were billeted here during the English Civil War and Oliver Cromwell visited for discussions with the general and parliamentary commander-in-chief Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1646.

* March 29 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English parliamentary general ( d. 1648 )