Because the levels themselves are random variables, some assumptions and the method of contrasting the treatments ( a multi-variable generalization of simple differences ) differ from the fixed-effects model.

For a simple model, with two alleles:

Aberrations occur because the simple paraxial theory is not a completely accurate model of the effect of an optical system on light, rather than due to flaws in the optical elements.

Between 70 K and room temperature, berkelium behaves as a Curie – Weiss paramagnetic material with an effective magnetic moment of 9. 69 Bohr magnetons ( µ < sub > B </ sub >) and a Curie temperature of 101 K. This magnetic moment is almost equal to the theoretical value of 9. 72 µ < sub > B </ sub > calculated within the simple atomic L-S coupling model.

The brainfuck language uses a simple machine model consisting of the program and instruction pointer, as well as an array of at least 30, 000 byte cells initialized to zero ; a movable data pointer ( initialized to point to the leftmost byte of the array ); and two streams of bytes for input and output ( most often connected to a keyboard and a monitor respectively, and using the ASCII character encoding ).

The physical model behind cosmic inflation is extremely simple, however it has not yet been confirmed by particle physics, and there are difficult problems reconciling inflation and quantum field theory.

Some critics of this approach feel that while these models approach biological reality as a representation of how the system works, they lack explanatory powers because complicated systems of connections with even simple rules are extremely complex and often less interpretable than the system they model.

This is because the above model is very simple.

These atomic orbitals are known to have specific angular relationships between each other, and thus the valence bond model can successfully predict the bond angles observed in simple molecules.

However, this simple model ends with the bandwidth of the network: Then congestion comes on the network and not with the peers.

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function ( BRDF ) expresses a simple model of light interaction with a surface as follows:

A more accurate value of the limit than that given by this simple model requires adjusting for various factors, including electrostatic interactions between the electrons and nuclei and effects caused by nonzero temperature.

For effective utilization and handling it is desired that a data model is relatively simple and intuitive.

Thus any popular general-purpose data model usually well balances between being intuitive and relatively simple, and very complex with high expressive power.

The relational model is a simple model that provides flexibility.

Many model airplanes use very simple " glow " and " Diesel " engines.

As many observers have pointed out, the Drake equation is a very simple model that does not include potentially relevant parameters.

The simple model commonly used is the Price / Earnings ratio.

The smallest simple Lie group which contains the standard model, and upon which the first Grand Unified Theory was based, is

The next simple Lie group which contains the standard model is

New dates from India suggest that iron was being worked there as early as 1800 BC, and African sites are turning up dates as early as 1200 BC, confounding the idea that there was a simple discovery and diffusion model.

A simple model of the process is shown below:

Most avant-garde creators, true to their interest in the self-sufficiency of pure movement, have tended to dress their dancers in simple lines and solid colors ( often black ) and to give them a bare cyclorama for a setting.

He can often make the complex ridiculously simple, and vice versa.

Preparation of a coordination compound is often accomplished by the simple method of reacting a metal salt with a ligand in a suitable solvent such as an alcohol.

Although specialized and experienced amateur astronomers tend to acquire more specialized and more powerful equipment over time, relatively simple equipment is often preferred for certain tasks.

The flowers are nearly always aggregated in terminal umbels, simple or compound, often umbelliform cymes, rarely in heads.

Though simple and compound walls were often used, Great Houses were primarily constructed of core-and-veneer walls: two parallel load-bearing walls comprising dressed, flat sandstone blocks bound in clay mortar were erected.

A simple form of AM, often used for digital communications, is on-off keying: a type of amplitude-shift keying in which binary data is represented by the presence or absence of a carrier.

He often discussed Platonic philosophy, the illumination of the mind and soul by direct communion with Spirit ; upon the spiritual and poetic monitions of external nature ; and upon the benefit to man of a serene mood and a simple way of life.

Religion was stripped of ornament and ceremony, and made as plain and simple as possible ; sermons and songs often used repetition to get across to a rural population of poor and mostly uneducated people the necessity of turning away from sin.

Genetic interactions ( epistasis ) can often confound simple interpretations of such " knock-out " or " knock-in " studies.

Another utility knife often used for cutting open boxes consists of a simple sleeve around a rectangular handle into which single-edge utility blades can be inserted.

People often feel that communication is as easy and simple as it sounds.

This section describes what is generally referred to as the " classic RISC pipeline ", which in fact is quite common among the simple CPUs used in many electronic devices ( often called microcontroller ).

cereal | Grain products are often baking | baked, and are rich sources of complex carbohydrates ( disambiguation ) | complex and Simple carbohydrates | simple carbohydrates.

These individuals are often capable of relatively simple forms of visual awareness ( like being able to spatially locate an x in a picture ) but do not report anything concerning what it is like to experience these visual stimuli.

Diagnosis of coma is simple ; however, diagnosing the cause of the underlying disease process often proves to be challenging.

A counting-out game is a simple game intended to select a person to be " it ", often for the purpose of playing another game.

In food science and in many informal contexts, the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals, bread, and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar ( found in candy, jams, and desserts ).

The V-1, often referred to as flying bomb, contained a gyroscopic guidance system and was propelled by a simple pulse-jet engine, the sound of which gave it the nickname of " buzz bomb ".

More complex transformations of object properties such as size, shape, lighting effects often require calculations and computer rendering instead of simple re-drawing or duplication.

Dennett sees evolution by natural selection as an algorithmic process ( though he spells out that algorithms as simple as long division often incorporate a significant degree of randomness ).

For simple dynamical systems, knowing the trajectory is often sufficient, but most dynamical systems are too complicated to be understood in terms of individual trajectories.