Stephen Jay Gould called this approach to explaining evolution as terminal addition ; as if every evolutionary advance was added as new stage by reducing the duration of the older stages.

In addition, the class rank is quite often not an evolutionary but a phenetical and paraphyletic group and as opposed to those ranks governed by the ICZN, can usually not be made monophyletic by exchanging the taxa contained therein.

The evolutionary rationale has also been applied by researchers into the paleolithic lifestyle to argue for high levels of physical activity in addition to dietary practices.

In addition to such variation in rate with genomic position, since the early 1990s, variation among taxa has proven fertile ground for research too, even over comparatively short periods of evolutionary time ( for example mockingbirds ).

Currently there is some uncertainty over the exact evolutionary relationships among these four lineages, although this may be nearing resolution as data on a variety of coding and non-coding DNA sequences from all three genomes ( chloroplast, mitochondrion and nucleus ) in addition to protein sequences are brought to bear on the problem.

In addition to his work at his father ’ s bank, Lubbock took a keen interest in archaeology and evolutionary theory.

But, in addition to their place in the evolutionary tree, the fact that PCD has been observed in the humble, simple, six-chromosome D. discoideum has additional significance: It permits the study of a developmental PCD path that does not depend on caspases characteristic of apoptosis.

In addition, the 1953 short story contains elements of the first section of the film, in which the ancestors of humans are apparently given an evolutionary " nudge " by extraterrestrials.

In addition to being a general pattern across space, Bergmann ’ s rule has been reported in populations over historical and evolutionary time when exposed to varying thermal regimes.

In addition, several families have been revealed to be paraphyletic and consequently split up to make them correspond to clades and thus be natural, evolutionary groups.

The addition of niche construction to the study of evolutionary processes forces scientists to accept that cultural activity is not the reason that humans are able to modify their environments, but is simply their primary means of doing the same thing that other species do.

In rare cases, evolutionary computation may be used to design the physical structure of the robot, in addition to the controller.

In addition, there are also clinical implications, as marine microbial symbioses are a valuable source of existing and novel antimicrobial agents, and thus offer another line of inquiry in the evolutionary arms race of antibiotic resistance, a pressing concern for researchers.

Those he influenced ( in addition to Weldon ) included Edwin Stephen Goodrich ( Linacre chair in zoology at Oxford 1921-46 ) and ( indirectly ) Julian Huxley ( the evolutionary synthesis ).

In addition, the hundredth anniversary of the publication of The Origin of Species was in 1959, and this sparked renewed public interest in evolutionary biology.

In addition, it appears as if hybridization is a factor to be reckoned with when researching shad phylogeny .< ref name =" Faria "> Faria, R .; Weiss, S .; & Alexandrino, P. ( 2006 ): A molecular phylogenetic perspective on the evolutionary history of Alosa spp.

In addition, CI also embraces biologically inspired algorithms such as swarm intelligence and artificial immune systems which can be seen as a part of evolutionary computation.

The theologians felt that some immediate and particular divine intervention was also required to form the physical nature of humans, before the addition of a soul, even if this was worked on near-human hominids produced by evolutionary processes.

In addition to these contributions, Kirschner has interests in the evolutionary origins of the vertebrate body plan, and in particular the origins of the chordate nervous system.

In addition to his contributions to evolutionary biology, Doolittle is an artist who studies at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design.

Perhaps the implication of an evolutionary scale like a " ladder " in which each new addition is superior than organisms in the lower rungs, appeals to the popular imagination.

In addition, it would be difficult to imagine chronic generalized emphysema occurring in a cow, considering its marked lobular development but, conversely, not difficult to imagine this occurring in the horse or the dog.

It is thought that, in addition to exuding onto the surface of the tree, amber resin also originally flowed into hollow cavities or cracks within trees, thereby leading to the development of large lumps of amber of irregular form.

A development of the Turbo Board, the Master RAM Board duplicated the Turbo Board functionality and added a further option of running the micro with 32 kB of shadow RAM in addition to the ordinary 32 kB — giving 64 kB total.

In addition, the Atari community has slowly uncovered the original 7800 development tools and released them into the public domain.

Long-term trials have shown continued effectiveness without the development of tolerance, and, in addition, unlike benzodiazepines, it does not disrupt sleep architecture and produces less severe cognitive and psychomotor impairment ; it also has a low potential for abuse and dependence and may be preferred over the benzodiazepines for these reasons.

In addition to tourism and banking, the government supports the development of a " 2nd-pillar ", e-commerce.

In addition to regional peace and stability, U. S. interests in Burkina are to promote continued democratization and greater respect for human rights and to encourage sustainable economic development.

In addition to the creation of bronze from raw materials and the widespread use of bronze tools and weapons, the period continued development of pictogramic or ideogramic symbols and proto-writing, and other features of urban civilization.

In addition to these internal teams, Capcom also commissions outside development studios to ensure a steady output of titles.

In addition to the development and publishing of home, online, mobile, arcade, pachinko, and pachislo games, the company publishes strategy guides, maintains its own arcade centers, and licenses its franchise and character properties for use in tie-in products, movies, television series, and stage performances.

In addition, railroads crisscrossed the town during the same era, leading to the development of Porter Square as well as the creation of neighboring town Somerville from the formerly rural parts of Charlestown.

In addition, due to the development of body armor, support personnel required a compact weapon with more penetration than the traditional submachine gun, leading to the development of the personal defense weapon, or PDW, which uses rounds that have better ballistics than simple pistol rounds but less power and range than full rifle rounds.

Although many Canadian whiskies are still labelled as “ rye ”, the modern mash bill for a Canadian “ rye ” whisky often contains little or no rye grain, and their flavour is derived in other ways ( such as flavour development from the aging process, blending with stronger-tasting Canadian whiskies, and the addition of flavourings ).

Multrees Walk, adjacent to the St. James Centre, is a recent addition to the city centre, hosting brands such as Louis Vuitton, Emporio Armani, Mulberry and Calvin Klein, with Harvey Nichols anchoring the development.

The addition of terminal adult stages and the telescoping, or driving back, of such stages to descendant ’ s embryonic stages are likewise representative of Haeckelian embryonic development.

In the same direction, the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development suggest that in addition to the concerns above, sequencing of concepts and skills in teaching must take account of the processing and working memory capacities that characterize successive age levels.

In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development.

In addition, hello world can be a useful sanity test to make sure that a language's compiler, development environment, and run-time environment are correctly installed.

In addition, the most recent data show that Italy's spending in R & D in 2011 was equal to 1. 1 % of GDP ( 12th in the world by expenditures ), below the European average of 1. 7 % and the Lisbon Strategy target of devoting 3 % of GDP to research and development activities.

In addition, the firm is known for the attention it gives to cost control, operational details and continuous product development, allowing it to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010, while continuing its global expansion.

In addition, it works with several major standards development organizations, including the IEEE with which it signed a cooperation agreement in 2002, which was amended in 2008 to include joint development work.

In addition to her official duties, she worked actively in many civic organizations including the Miami Coalition for a Safe and Drug Free Community and the Beacon Council, which was formed to address Miami-Dade's economic development.

In mechanical engineering, jerk is considered, in addition to velocity and acceleration, in the development of cam profiles because of tribological implications and the ability of the actuated body to follow the cam profile without chatter.