With his solid linguistic background, Sapir became the one student of Boas to develop most completely the relationship between linguistics and anthropology.

In his last year in college Sapir enrolled in the course " Introduction to Anthropology ", with Professor Livingston Farrand, who taught Boas ' four field approach to anthropology.

Boas kept working to secure a stable appointment for his student, and by his recommendation Sapir ended up being hired by the Canadian Geological Survey, who wanted him lead the institutionalization of anthropology in Canada.

By introducing the high standards of Boasian anthropology, Sapir did incite antagonism from those amateur ethnologists who felt that they had contributed important work.

Unsatisfied with efforts by amateur and governmental anthropologists, Sapir worked to introduce an academic program of anthropology at one of the major Universities, in order to professionalize the discipline.

The name certainly stresses that the primary identity is with anthropology, whereas " anthropological linguistics " conveys a sense that the primary identity of its practitioners was with linguistics, which is a separate academic discipline on most university campuses today ( not in the days of Boas and Sapir ).

In 1910, upon recommendation from Franz Boas, the anthropologist-linguist Edward Sapir was appointed as the first anthropologist in the newly formed anthropology division of the museum.

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

The term " anthropology " is from the Greek anthrōpos (), " man ", understood to mean humankind or humanity, and-logia (- λογία ), " discourse " or " study.

Today anthropology is a global discipline, and anthropologists study all types of societies.

In the United States, where anthropology was first defined as a discipline, the field is traditionally divided into four sub-fields: cultural anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and biological anthropology.

Socio-cultural anthropology is considered anthropology proper in most of Europe, and in the parts of the world that were influenced by the European tradition.

In the United States, anthropology is traditionally divided into five sub-fields, each with additional branches: biological or physical anthropology, social anthropology or cultural anthropology, archaeology and anthropological linguistics.

Cultural anthropology is also called socio-cultural anthropology or social anthropology ( especially in the United Kingdom ).

Participant observation is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology.

In some European countries, all cultural anthropology is known as ethnology ( a term coined and defined by Adam F. Kollár in 1783 ).

The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of cultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal.

Cultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language ( which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology ).

It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural processes.

This is known as applied anthropology.

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

During this time most of what is known as ethnologie was restricted to museums, such as the Musée de l ' Homme founded by Paul Rivet, and anthropology had a close relationship with studies of folklore.

As an anthropologist, his Sorcerers of Dobu remains the locus classicus of eastern Papuan anthropology, but he is best known instead for his Fortunate number theory.

Biological anthropology ( also known as bioanthropology and physical anthropology ) is a branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species.

Through his decisive influence on Claude Lévi-Strauss and Roland Barthes, among others, Jakobson became a pivotal figure in the adaptation of structural analysis to disciplines beyond linguistics, including anthropology and literary theory ; this generalization of Saussurean methods, known as " structuralism ", became a major post-war intellectual movement in Europe and the United States.

While dealing with serious topics in what are now known as anthropology, sociology and psychology, he introduced a satirical approach, " based on the premise that, however serious the subject under review, it could be made more interesting and thus achieve greater effect, if only one leavened the lump of solemnity by the insertion of a few amusing anecdotes or by the throwing out of some witty or paradoxical observations.

Foucault is best known for his critical studies of social institutions, most notably psychiatry, social anthropology of medicine, the human sciences, and the prison system, as well as for his work on the history of human sexuality.

While Cavalli-Sforza is best known for his work in genetics, he also, in collaboration with Marcus Feldman and others, initiated the sub-discipline of cultural anthropology known alternatively as coevolution, gene-culture coevolution, cultural transmission theory or dual inheritance theory.

The Goldsmiths Anthropology Department is also well known for its focus on visual anthropology.

The second, known as " linguistic anthropology ," engages in theoretical studies of language use.

General anthropology occupied a notable position in the basic medical sciences ( which correspond to those subjects commonly known as pre-clinical ).

The book, also known as Darwin's Journal of Researches, is a vivid and exciting travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology, and anthropology that demonstrates Darwin's keen powers of observation, written at a time when Western Europeans were exploring and charting the whole world.

Much of what is known about the empirical world has been produced by case study research, and many of the classics in a long range of disciplines are case studies, including in psychology, sociology, anthropology, history, education, economics, political science, management, geography, biology, and medical science.

Finally, he is also known for his interdisciplinary approach: he has commented not only on the developments in sociology, but also in anthropology, archaeology, psychology, philosophy, history, linguistics, economics, social work and most recently, political science.

Some prized exhibits in the Field Museum include a large collection of dinosaur skeletons in the Evolving Planet exhibit, a comprehensive set of human cultural anthropology exhibits ( with artifacts from ancient Egypt, the Pacific Northwest, the Pacific Islands, and Tibet ), a large and diverse taxidermy collection ( with many large animals, including two prized African elephants and the infamous Lions of Tsavo featured in the 1996 movie The Ghost and the Darkness ), the Ancient Americas exhibit devoted to a large collection of Native American artifacts, and Sue ( the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus skeleton currently known ).

Well known in the worlds of anthropology, ethnography and the fashion industry, Culin died in 1929 in Amityville, Long Island, New York.

Although he is known primarily as a cultural anthropologist, he did significant work in archaeology and anthropological linguistics, and he contributed to anthropology by making connections between archaeology and culture.

While dealing with serious topics in what are now known as anthropology, sociology and psychology, he introduced a satirical approach, " based on the premise that, however serious the subject under review, it could be made more interesting and thus achieve greater effect, if only one leavened the lump of solemnity by the insertion of a few amusing anecdotes or by the throwing out of some witty or paradoxical observations.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In the early 20th century, socio-cultural anthropology developed in different forms in Europe and in the United States.

Music and theatre scholars studying the history and anthropology of Semitic and early Judeo-Christian culture have discovered common links in theatrical and musical activity between the classical cultures of the Hebrews and those of later Greeks and Romans.

During the early 20th century, a revival of interest in phrenology occurred on the fringe, partly because of studies of evolution, criminology and anthropology ( as pursued by Cesare Lombroso ).

Structural anthropology fell out of favour in the early 1980s for a number of reasons.

The archaeologists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries CE, who adapted the three-age system to their ideas, hoped to combine cultural anthropology and archaeology in such a way that a specific contemporaneous tribe can be used to illustrate the way of life and beliefs of the people exercising a specific Stone-Age technology.

Wood does not preserve well, however, and Craig Stanford, a primatologist and professor of anthropology at the University of Southern California, has suggested that the discovery of spear use by chimpanzees probably means that early humans used wooden spears as well, perhaps, five million years ago.

Theodora Kroeber's biography of her husband, Alfred Kroeber: A Personal Configuration, is a good source for Le Guin's early years and for the biographical elements in her late works, especially her interest in social anthropology.

Environmental determinism rose to prominence in the late 19th century and early 20th century when it was taken up as a central theory by the discipline of geography ( and to a lesser extent, anthropology ).

Music and theatre scholars studying the history and anthropology of Semitic and early Judeo-Christian culture, have also discovered common links between theatrical and musical activity in the classical cultures of the Hebrews with those of the later cultures of the Greeks and Romans.

He reviews the first group of scientific analyses of culture and character as beginning with " cultural anthropology as early as the 1920s.

The post-processual movement originated in the United Kingdom during the late 1970s and early 1980s, pioneered by archaeologists such as Ian Hodder, Daniel Miller, Christopher Tilley and Peter Ucko, who were influenced by French Marxist anthropology, postmodernism and similar trends in sociocultural anthropology.

In the early 11th century, Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī ( 973-1048 ), wrote detailed comparative studies on the anthropology of religions and cultures across the Middle East, Mediterranean and the Indian subcontinent.

The complete continuity between magic and religion has been a postulate of modern anthropology at least since early 1930s.

It is a postulate of modern anthropology, at least since early 1930s, that there is complete continuity between magic and religion.

) degrees are granted in African, African American, and Caribbean studies, anthropology, art, art history, Asian studies, chemistry, communication, communication disorders, early childhood education, earth science, economics, elementary education, English, French and Francophone studies, geography, history, Latin American and Latino studies, liberal studies, mathematics, music, philosophy, political science, psychology, secondary education, sociology, Spanish, and women's and gender studies.

In his early 30s, he returned to Syracuse University to pursue graduate studies in cultural anthropology.

Frazer's interest in social anthropology was aroused by reading E. B. Tylor's Primitive Culture ( 1871 ) and encouraged by his friend, the biblical scholar William Robertson Smith, who was linking the Old Testament with early Hebrew folklore.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social theory became most closely related to academic sociology while other related studies such as anthropology, philosophy, and social work branched out into their own disciplines.

An early tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human physical variation, in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with racial and psychological traits.

In the early 1970s, concerned with his " ethnocentricity as a white, male artist ," Kosuth enrolled in the New School to study anthropology.