With the introduction of European astronomy into China via the Jesuits, the motions of both the sun and moon began to be calculated with sinusoids in the 1645 Shíxiàn calendar (, Book of the Conformity of Time ) of the Qing dynasty, made by the Jesuits Adam Schall and Giacomo Rho.

The term Julian date may also refer outside of astronomy to the day-of-year ( ordinal date ) in the Gregorian calendar, especially in computer programming, the military and the food industry, or to dates in the Julian calendar.

The Sumerians were incredibly advanced: as well as inventing writing, they also invented early forms of mathematics, early wheeled vehicles, astronomy, astrology and the calendar and they created the first city states / nations such as Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Isin, Umma, Eridu, Nippur and Larsa.

Planting and harvesting also relate to Maya astronomy and calendar, since the cycles of the moon and sun determined the crop seasons.

His studies included Roman law, astronomy, astrology, the art of reckoning and the difficulties of the calendar.

In addition to instructing them in the Holy Scriptures, they also taught their pupils poetry, astronomy, and the calculation of the church calendar ... Never had there been such happy times as these since the English settled Britain.

Concepts covered within the Chinese classic texts present a wide range of subjects including poetry, astrology, astronomy, calendar, constellations and many others.

Other subjects required for religious work were occasionally added, including music and verse ( for liturgy ), astronomy and mathematics ( for the church calendar ) and law ( for administration ).

One way that he honed his mastery of astronomy, aside from the accurate prediction of the Wakor solar eclipse, was changing the official Buddhist calendar, “ which was seriously miscalculated and the times for auspicious moments were incorrect .”

Meanwhile the Church remained opposed to heliocentrism as a literal description, but this did not by any means imply opposition to all astronomy ; indeed, it needed observational data to maintain its calendar.

26 ); this is held to prohibit drugs and doctors. His opposition to the astronomical determination of the festivals, of which he boasted to the calif, led him to declare astronomy as a branch of the astrology and divination forbidden in the Bible, thus undermining the very foundation of the rabbinical calendar.

Notably, his contributions to the field of Maya epigraphic studies included advancements in our understanding of the calendar and astronomy, the identification of new nouns, and the development of a numerical cataloging system for the glyphs ( the T-number system ), which are still used today.

deals with astronomy: the moon, the stars, the zodiac, the sun, the planets, the seasons and the calendar.

Other inventions credited to the emperor include the Chinese diadem (), throne rooms (), the bow sling, early Chinese astronomy, the Chinese calendar, math calculations, code of sound laws (), and cuju, an early Chinese version of football.

John L. Sorenson has listed 15 cultural criteria for the hill Cumorah which are based on contextual clues from the text of the Book of Mormon: cities, towers, agriculture, metallurgy, formal political states, organized religion, idolatry, crafts, trade, writing, weaponry, astronomy, calendar systems, cement, and wheels.

Bar Hiyya wrote several scientific works in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, land surveying and calendar calculations.

Muslim scholars were brought to work on calendar making and astronomy.

Throughout the 1890s, Chant was concerned about how little the University did for astronomy, and in 1904 he proposed adding several undergraduate courses for fourth-year students, and six such courses were added to the 1905 calendar.

The Church has had long-standing interests in astronomy, due to the astronomical basis of the calendar by which holy days and Easter are determined.

Osiander's interest in astronomy was theological, hoping for " improving the chronology of historical events and thus providing more accurate apocalyptic interpretations of the Bible ... shared in the general awareness that the calendar was not in agreement with astronomical movement and therefore, needed to be corrected by devising better models on which to base calculations.

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As the historians L. Gauchet and Joseph Needham state, Guo Shoujing used spherical trigonometry in his calculations to improve the calendar system and Chinese astronomy.

Kublai Khan, after observing Guo ’ s mastery of astronomy, ordered that he, Zhang, and Wang Xun make a more accurate calendar.

It was accepted in political and academic contexts, and was connected with other studies, such as astronomy, alchemy, meteorology, and medicine.

At the end of the 17th century, new scientific concepts in astronomy ( such as heliocentrism ) called astrology into question, and subsequent controlled studies failed to confirm its predictive value.

As such, it can be seen as connecting other disciplinary approaches for investigating ancient astronomy: astroarchaeology ( an obsolete term for studies that draw astronomical information from the alignments of ancient architecture and landscapes ), history of astronomy ( which deals primarily with the written textual evidence ), and ethnoastronomy ( which draws on the ethnohistorical record and contemporary ethnographic studies ).

The many records of native customs and beliefs made by the Spanish chroniclers means that Brown archaeoastronomy is most often associated with studies of astronomy in the Americas.

In this, the design of observational studies in econometrics is similar to the design of studies in other observational disciplines, such as astronomy, epidemiology, sociology and political science.

His studies at the University of Chicago were concentrated on mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy, which led to a bachelor of science degree in 1910.

Despite his desire to become a minister, near the end of his studies Kepler was recommended for a position as teacher of mathematics and astronomy at the Protestant school in Graz ( later the University of Graz ).

In the early 1960s he began his studies in Uppsala University, initially in mathematics, and thereafter theoretical physics, aesthetics, history of ideas and astronomy.

In specific disciplines, Stanford was ranked in English ( in the United States ), in modern languages ( 7 ), in history ( 8 ), in philosophy ( 4 ), in geography & area studies ( 4 ), in linguistics ( 3 ), in computer science ( 2 ), in civil & structural engineering ( 2 ), in chemical engineering ( 3 ), in electrical engineering ( 2 ), in mechanical, aeronautical, & manufacturing engineering, in medicine ( 3 ), in biological sciences ( 3 ), in chemistry ( 4 ), in physics and astronomy ( 4 ), in metallurgy ( 4 ), in mathematics ( 3 ), in environmental sciences ( 4 ), in earth and marine sciences ( 6 ), in psychology ( 2 ), in sociology ( 4 ), in statistics, in politics and international studies ( 4 ), in law ( 3 ), in economics ( 3 ), and in account and finance.

Young men wishing further education could proceed to one of eight medreses ( colleges ), whose studies included grammar, metaphysics, philosophy, astronomy, and astrology.

Zhang Heng began his studies in astronomy at the age of thirty, and began publishing his works in astronomy and mathematics.

Regarding his studies in astronomy, Ibn Rushd argued for a strictly concentric model of the universe, and explained sunspots and scientific reasoning regarding the occasional opaque colors of the moon.

A strong and healthy boy, but very shy, Louis-Auguste excelled in his studies and had a strong taste for Latin, history, geography, and astronomy, and became fluent in Italian and English.

There were two types of schools: the telpochcalli, for practical and military studies, and the calmecac, for advanced learning in writing, astronomy, statesmanship, theology, and other areas.

It includes X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, and extreme UV astronomy, as well as studies of neutrinos and cosmic rays.

Infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies astronomical objects visible in infrared ( IR ) radiation.

If the ascription of the Shatapatha Brahmana and the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad is genuine, Yājñavalkya has made important contributions to both philosophy, including the apophatic teaching of ' neti neti ', and to astronomy, describing the 95-year cycle to synchronize the motions of the sun and the moon.

Unlike sun-sign astrology where the first sign is Aries, followed by Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces, whereupon the cycle returns to Aries and through the zodiacal signs again, astrological ages proceed in the opposite direction (" retrograde " in astronomy ).

Indian astrology features the idea of the nakshatra ( Devanagari: नक ् षत ् र ) or lunar mansion, one of the 27 or 28 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star ( s ) in them, that the Moon passes through during its monthly cycle, as used in Hindu astronomy and astrology.

In astronomy and calendar studies, the Callippic cycle ( or Calippic ) is a particular approximate common multiple of the year ( specifically the tropical year ) and the synodic month, that was proposed by Callippus in 330 BC.