Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance, real estate development, and corporate financial management.

Finance can be broken into three different sub categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance.

Managerial or corporate finance is the task of providing the funds for a corporation's activities ( for small business, this is referred to as SME finance ).

Financial risk management, an element of corporate finance, is the practice of creating and protecting economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk, particularly credit risk and market risk.

Finance is used by individuals ( personal finance ), by governments ( public finance ), by businesses ( corporate finance ) and by a wide variety of other organizations, including schools and non-profit organizations.

In corporate finance, a company's capital structure is the total mix of financing methods it uses to raise funds.

" Financial economics ", at least formally, also considers investment under " certainty " ( Fisher separation theorem, " theory of investment value ", Modigliani-Miller theorem ) and hence also contributes to corporate finance theory.

A term used in finance and corporate takeovers.

In terms of international comparison, with the most efficient and corruption-free application procedure, lowest income tax and lowest corporate tax as well as abundant and sustainable government finance that the government of Hong Kong consistently upheld the policy of encouraging ( and supporting ) activities of private businesses and this is having a sound impact on the overall economic performance by removing unnecessary barriers for the private enterprises in the Special Administrative Region.

Mergers and acquisitions ( abbreviated M & A ) is an aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling, dividing and combining of different companies and similar entities that can help an enterprise grow rapidly in its sector or location of origin, or a new field or new location, without creating a subsidiary, other child entity or using a joint venture.

In January 2007, The Sunday Times reported that Foster had called in Catalyst, a corporate finance house, to find buyers for Foster + Partners.

Replying to the “ Freedom Fries ” matter, wits suggested that the Fama-French model used in corporate finance be renamed the “ Fama-Freedom ” model.

As applied to corporate finance, risk management is the technique for measuring, monitoring and controlling the financial or operational risk on a firm's balance sheet.

The deal was brokered by Ingenious Media, a leading UK corporate finance advisory business.

In response to the Occupy Wall Street protests and the worldwide occupy movement calling for U. S. campaign finance reform eliminating corporate influence in politics, among other reforms, Representative Ted Deutch introduced the " Outlawing Corporate Cash Undermining the Public Interest in our Elections and Democracy " ( OCCUPIED ) constitutional amendment on November 18, 2011.

Typically they carry a lower rate of interest than corporate bonds, and serve as a source of finance for governments.

When governments devolve functions, they transfer authority for decision-making, finance, and management to quasi-autonomous units of local government with corporate status.

The corporate personhood aspect of the campaign finance debate turns on Buckley v. Valeo ( 1976 ) and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ( 2010 ): Buckley ruled that political spending is protected by the First Amendment right to free speech, while Citizens United ruled that corporate political spending is protected, holding that corporations have a First Amendment right to free speech.

Also, George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz ( another Economic Sciences Nobel prize winner, formerly of the World Bank, author of Globalization and Its Discontents ) and David Korten have made arguments for drastically improving transparency, for debt relief, land reform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems.

In 2007, the Berne Declaration nominated IKEA for one of its Public Eye " awards ", which highlight corporate irresponsibility and are announced during the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

Economic espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, while industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.

Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy | ITEP estimate of the total effective tax rate for federal, state and local taxes ( personal and corporate income, payroll, property, sales, excise, estate, etc.

Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests an expansion of decision-making power from a small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger majority of public stakeholders.

In 2004, the city of Opelika's Economic Development Department was named one of the top 10 economic development groups in North America by Site Selection magazine, a national industry trade publication covering corporate real estate management and economic development.

On the economic front, Mahathir inherited the New Economic Policy from his predecessors, which was designed to improve the economic position of the bumiputera ( Malaysia's Malays and indigenous peoples ) through targets and affirmative action in areas such as corporate ownership and university admission.

* Corporate Dossier is a supplement that appears every Friday along with The Economic Times, aimed at the CEOs of corporate India, with a special focus on management and strategy.

Corporate Law Economic Reform Program ( Audit Reform & Corporate Disclosure ) Act 2004, commonly called CLERP 9, modified the Corporations Act 2001 ( Commonwealth ) which governs corporate law in Australia.

The techniques for developing actionable intelligence from limited circulation / limited availability documents such as selected corporate publications can raise difficult legal and ethical questions under both intellectual property laws and the Economic Espionage Act.

Marshall is a member of numerous corporate and civic groups in Chicago including the Economic Club, The Commercial Club, The Executives Club, and The Chicago Network.

In addition to the technical research, the team has worked with Dr. Meryl Gardner, a Marketing professor in the Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economic at the University of Delaware, to develop marketing strategies for both consumer and corporate fleet adoption

Hickman became a member of the research staff and director of the Corporate Bond Research Project of the National Bureau of Economic Research and published three books on corporate finance.

Economic development was further stimulated by the construction of the railway in 1869 and on 5 January 1870 Krásná Lípa became a corporate town.

The Economic Activism for Palestine project focuses on corporate accountability for human rights and international law violations from companies profiting from the occupation in Palestine.

As of April 2008 Value City had departed Harundale Plaza following a corporate decision to sell several locations before ultimately closing all Value City stores in December 2008.

ShopNBC is owned by Value Vision Media with is corporate headquarters in Eden Prairie, MN although the largest part of its day-to-day operations are in Bowling Green making it a very important part of the local economy.

Fair Value is frequently used when undertaking due diligence in corporate transactions, where particular synergies between the two parties may mean that the price that is fair between them is higher than the price that might be obtainable on the wider market.

The company offers more than 1, 400 suppliers access to a global customer base of more than 185, 000 resellers of various categories, including Value Added Resellers ( VARs ), corporate resellers, direct marketers, retailers, Internet-based resellers, and government and education resellers.

Value investors such as Warren Buffett believe that it is corporate profits that are the normal returns from stock investments, and any higher return is possible only due to the greater fool theory.

The Flow to Equity-Approach is one of three commonly used discounted-cash-flow ( DCF ) methods of corporate valuation, the other two are Adjusted Present Value and Weighted Average Cost of Capital ( WACC ).

Added to this in the corporate work environment is the loss of meaningful production time due to non-work related distractions through these greynet applications.

Sanrio and various corporate partners have released Hello Kitty-branded products, including the Hello Kitty Stratocaster electric guitar ( since 2006, with Fender in the US ) and even an Airbus A330-200 commercial passenger jet airliner, dubbed the Hello Kitty Jet ( 2005 – 2009, with EVA Airways in Taiwan ).