Einstein analyzed a dynamic equilibrium being established between opposing forces.

The beauty of his argument is that the final result does not depend upon which forces are involved in setting up the dynamic equilibrium.

This change in shape would not be stable, and the water would not stay in our artificially contrived shape, but engage in a transient exploration of many shapes until non-ideal frictional forces introduced by sloshing, either against the sides of the bucket or by the non-ideal nature of the liquid, killed the oscillations and the water settled down to the equilibrium shape.

Free-market capitalism refers to an economic system where prices for goods and services are set freely by the forces of supply and demand and are allowed to reach their point of equilibrium without intervention by government policy.

* Second, masses floating freely in a fluid substratum, like icebergs in the ocean, should be in isostatic equilibrium ( where the forces of gravity and buoyancy are in balance ).

Equations which define the shape of the curve and the tension of the chain at each point may be derived by a careful inspection of the various forces acting on a segment using the fact that these forces must be in balance if the chain is in static equilibrium.

The chain is in equilibrium so the sum of three forces is 0, therefore

Change occurs by the gradual operation of natural forces over time, perhaps slowly, perhaps more quickly ( see punctuated equilibrium ).

The Marxist-Leninist state's huge purchasing power replaces the role of market forces, with macroeconomic equilibrium not being achieved through market forces but by economic planning based on scientific assessment.

The equilibrium between electromagnetic forces and Pauli repulsion of electrons ( they are fermions obeying Fermi statistics ) is slightly violated resulting in a small returning force.

The net forces equaling zero is known as the first condition for equilibrium, and the net torque equaling zero is known as the second condition for equilibrium.

A particle is in equilibrium only if the resultant of all forces acting on the particle is equal to zero.

In a rectangular coordinate system the equilibrium equations can be represented by three scalar equations, where the sums of forces in all three directions are equal to zero.

For an object to be in static equilibrium, not only must the sum of the forces be zero, but also the sum of the torques ( moments ) about any point.

During these summer visits, Pasta and Ulam joined him to study a variation of the classic problem of a string of masses held together by springs that exert forces linearly proportional to their displacement from equilibrium.

In barium titanate, a typical ferroelectric of the displacive type, the transition can be understood in terms of a polarization catastrophe, in which, if an ion is displaced from equilibrium slightly, the force from the local electric fields due to the ions in the crystal increases faster than the elastic-restoring forces.

This is because all the compressive forces hold it together in a state of equilibrium.

If the lattice is rigid, the atoms must be exerting forces on one another to keep each atom near its equilibrium position.

Notice that the amount of force that the table is pushing upward on the object ( the N vector ) is equal to the downward force of the object's weight ( shown here as mg, as weight is equal to the object's mass multiplied with the Gravity of Earth | acceleration due to gravity ): because these forces are equal, the object is in a state of equilibrium ( all the forces acting on it balance to zero ).

: A rigid body is in mechanical equilibrium when the sum of all forces on all particles of the system is zero, and also the sum of all torques on all particles of the system is zero.

From the equilibrium sorption data which are available, it seems logical to expect that polyphosphate ions would be strongly sorbed on the surface of the dirt ( especially clay soils ) so as to give it a greatly increased negative charge.

Under equilibrium conditions of cutting the chip exerts a thrust Af against the knife which tends to push it into the substrate or lift it away from the substrate depending on the vector direction of Af.

Specimens are allowed to reach moisture equilibrium with a standard atmosphere of Af and Af and then laid out without tension on a flat, polished surface, care being taken that the fabric is free from wrinkles or creases.

Over time, he developed an approach known as structural functionalism, which focused on how institutions in societies worked to balance out or create an equilibrium in the social system to keep it functioning harmoniously.

Although allenes often require specialized syntheses, the parent, propadiene is produced on a large scale as an equilibrium mixture with methylacetylene:

The Brazilian foreign policy under the Lula da Silva administration had been focused on the following directives: to contribute toward the search for greater equilibrium and attenuate unilateralism ; to strengthen bilateral and multilateral relations in order to increase the country's weight in political and economic negotiations on an international level ; to deepen relations so as to benefit from greater economical, financial, technological and cultural interchange ; to avoid agreements that could jeopardize development in the long term.

These directives implied precise emphasis on: the search for political coordination with emerging and developing countries, namely India, South Africa, Russia and China ; creation of the Union of South American Nations and its derivative bodies, such as the South American Security Council ; strengthening of Mercosul ; projection at the Doha Round and WTO ; maintenance of relations with developed countries, including the United States ; undertaking and narrowing of relations with African countries ; campaign for the reform of the United Nations Security Council and for a permanent seat for Brazil ; and defense of social objectives allowing for a greater equilibrium between the States and populations.

Notice that at equilibrium the surface adopts a shape such that an element of volume at any location on its surface has the same potential energy as at any other.

Despite the failure of this derivation, the equilibrium constant for a reaction is indeed a constant, independent of the activities of the various species involved, though it does depend on temperature as observed by the van't Hoff equation.

Adding a catalyst will affect both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the same way and will not have an effect on the equilibrium constant.

In the catalyzed elementary reaction, catalysts do not change the extent of a reaction: they have no effect on the chemical equilibrium of a reaction because the rate of both the forward and the reverse reaction are both affected ( see also thermodynamics ).

Capoeiristas usually play with their hands on the ground for most of the game, displaying strength and equilibrium.

These rates depend on the concentration and therefore change with time of the reaction: the reverse rate gradually increases and becomes equal to the rate of the forward reaction, establishing the so-called chemical equilibrium.

The time to reach equilibrium depends on such parameters as temperature, pressure and the materials involved, and is determined by the minimum free energy.

Gas chromatography ( GC ) is based on a partition equilibrium of analyte between a solid stationary phase ( often a liquid silicone-based material ) and a mobile gas ( most often Helium ).

As the axial load on a perfectly straight slender column with elastic material properties is increased in magnitude, this ideal column passes through three states: stable equilibrium, neutral equilibrium, and instability.

I have lately received from Italy a treatise on the equilibrium of arches, by the Abbé Mascheroni.

In fact, the sum of the magnetic pressure and plasma pressure must be constant everywhere on the heliosphere in order to have an equilibrium configuration: where the magnetic field is higher, the plasma must be cooler or less dense.

However, the actual size and depth of each lens is dependent on the width and shape of the island at that point, the permeability of the aquifer, and the equilibrium between recharging rainfall and losses to evaporation to the atmosphere, transpiration by plants, tidal advection, and human use.

His theory of peripatric speciation ( a more precise form of allopatric speciation which he advanced ), based on his work on birds, is still considered a leading mode of speciation, and was the theoretical underpinning for the theory of punctuated equilibrium, proposed by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould.

This and other data led Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge to publish the seminal paper on punctuated equilibrium in 1971.