# Deontological ethics, notions based on ' rules ' i. e. that there is an obligation to perform the ' right ' action, regardless of actual consequences ( epitomized by Kant's notion of the Categorical Imperative )

# Virtue ethics, derived from Aristotle's and Confucius's notions, which asserts that the right action will be that chosen by a suitably ' virtuous ' agent.

Aesthetic ethics refers to the idea that human conduct and behaviour ought to be governed by that which is beautiful and attractive.

Early Buddhism avoided speculative thought on metaphysics, phenomenology, ethics, and epistemology, but was based instead on empirical evidence gained by the sense organs ( ayatana ).

By the mid-1980s at least 500 courses in business ethics reached 40, 000 students, using some twenty textbooks and at least ten casebooks along supported by professional societies, centers and journals of business ethics.

The idea of business ethics caught the attention of academics, media and business firms by the end of the Cold War.

This was advocated by Auguste Comte, who coined the term " altruism ," and whose ethics can be summed up in the phrase: Live for others.

Confucian ethics is characterized by the promotion of virtues, encompassed by the Five Constants, or the Wuchang ( 五常 ), extrapolated by Confucian scholars during the Han Dynasty.

In Taiwan, where the Nationalist Party ( Kuomintang ) strongly promoted Confucian beliefs in ethics and behavior, the tradition of the memorial ceremony of Confucius ( 祭孔 ) is supported by the government and has continued without interruption.

His famous Sermon on the Mount is considered by some Christian scholars to be the proclamation of the New Covenant ethics, in contrast to the Mosaic Covenant of Moses from Mount Sinai.

All Sikhs, on taking Amrit, are enjoined to lead a disciplined life by following a code of ethics leading to a " Saint-Soldier " way of life.

The effectiveness, ethics and legality of deprogramming has been questioned by scholars, as well as by members of the Christian countercult movement.

The ontology of ethics is about value-bearing things or properties, i. e. the kind of things or stuff referred to by ethical propositions.

Applied ethics is used in some aspects of determining public policy, as well as by individuals facing difficult decisions.

The sort of questions addressed by applied ethics include: " Is getting an abortion immoral?

Bioethics is the study of controversial ethics brought about by advances in biology and medicine.

In Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong, Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen conclude that issues in machine ethics will likely drive advancement in understanding of human ethics by forcing us to address gaps in modern normative theory and by providing a platform for experimental investigation.

It examines ethics not from a top-down a priori perspective but rather observations of actual choices made by moral agents in practice.

A similar analogy could be made about moral sense, which might give us a clear idea of what " rightness " is, but perhaps doesn't grant us direct knowledge of normative ethics.

• Ethonomics, by analogy therefore, is the rules governing ethics in the marketplace.

It was expected that the comparison of different approaches to ethics would produce a better grasp of each other's positions and better comprehension of one's own.

* Practices in arbitration and law, e. g., the claim that ethics itself is a matter of balancing " right versus right ," i. e., putting priorities on two things that are both right, but that must be traded off carefully in each situation.

Some writers see a conflict between Godwin's advocacy of " private judgement " and utilitarianism, as he says that ethics requires that individuals give their surplus property to each other resulting in an egalitarian society, but, at the same time, he insists that all things be left to individual choice.

During the Utsarpini half cycle, humanity develops from its worst to its best: ethics, progress, happiness, strength, health, and religion each start the cycle at their worst, before eventually completing the cycle at their best and starting the process again.

As a result, over 75 infants in the UK die each year of GBS-related disease, and another 600 or so suffer serious infection, most of which could be prevented ; however, this is yet to be substantiated by randomized, controlled trial in the UK setting and, given the evidence for the efficacy of testing and treating from other countries, it may be that the large-scale trial necessary would receive neither funding nor ethics approval.

Towards the front of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientists, including current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs.

For much of the competition's lifetime, the teams representing Haskayne have come out on top each year by winning first in the majority of the competition's case study categories, including accounting, business policy, debating, ethics, finance, human resources, marketing, and MIS.

His book on personal ethics includes chapters on privacy, sexual ethics, family violence, how we talk to and about each other, parents and children, and hope.

Langston argues that philosophers of virtue ethics have unnecessarily neglected conscience for, once conscience is trained so that the principles and rules it applies are those one would want all others to live by, its practise cultivates and sustains the virtues ; indeed, amongst people in what each society considers to be the highest state of moral development there is little disagreement about how to act. Emmanuel Levinas viewed conscience as a revelatory encountering of resistance to our selfish powers, developing morality by calling into question our naive sense of freedom of will to use such powers arbitrarily, or with violence, this process being more severe the more rigorously the goal of our self was to obtain control.

For him the foundation of ethics necessarily rested on the ideal end of social well-being, and keeping this end in view, he proceeded to trace its history at different times, the manner in which it shapes itself in the mind of each individual, and the way in which it can be developed and realized.

The Assembly resolution and subsequent material from the ASC made it clear that when presbyteries select candidates for ministry they may be guided by a presbytery commitment to a particular approach to sexual ethics, but each determination of candidature must still be made on a case by case basis.

An ethical relationship, in most theories of ethics that employ the term, is a basic and trustworthy relationship that one has to another human being, that cannot necessarily be characterized in terms of any abstraction other than trust and common protection of each other's body.

In effect, conceptual metaphor theories treat ethics as an ontology problem and the issue of how to work-out values as a negotiation of these metaphors, not the application of some abstraction or a strict standoff between parties who have no way to understand each other's views.

The study of ethics can be viewed as a system of competing interests that must be traded off against each other.

Because of the particularities and the nature of international transactions between real estate agents of different countries, the Real Estate Code of Ethics of each country are excellent to regulate the ethics of each member in its own jurisdiction, but in the case of complex international real estate transactions were sometimes ethical conflicts arise, there is a need to have a group of principles more adjusted to international transactions were two or more real estate agents of different countries participate in real estate brokerage businesses.

As an example, it can be noticed that the NAR-CSBR Bilateral Cooperation Agreement of November 12, 2001 also created a commitment to promote and enforce mutually acceptable codes of ethics ( Code of Ethics meaning those that been promulgated by the cooperating associations for use in their respective countries, each of which is acknowledged to be acceptable to the other ).

While their individual adventures do not correspond to each other, the ongoing dynamic of solitary wanderer learning, sometimes through pain and sometimes bemusedly, his new surroundings, while simultaneously teaching his own sense of ethics to those he meets, is consistent.

The tension between the ratings imperative and the more traditional journalistic ethics of the show's senior staff is the primary conflict that drives the show, but storylines also include the team's efforts to get the stories that will make it to air each week.

In addition to theology, religious studies and ethics, Heythrop is the first college in the world to offer undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses specifically focused upon the Abrahamic religions, a course led by members of each of the three Abrahamic faiths.

The role of NOCs within each country is to promote the spirit of Olympicism, ensure the observance of the Olympic Charter, and to encourage ethics in and development of sports.

His most important intellectual contributions include Just and Unjust Wars, a revitalization of just war theory that insists on the importance of ethics in wartime while eschewing pacifism ; the theory of " complex equality ," which holds that the metric of just equality is not some single material or moral good, but rather that egalitarian justice demands that each good be distributed according to its social meaning, and that no good ( like money or political power ) be allowed to dominate or distort the distribution of goods in other spheres ; and an argument that justice is primarily a moral standard within particular nations and societies, not one that can be developed in a universalized abstraction.

It is added because its content and style are somewhat similar to that of the original tractate Avoth ( although it focuses on Torah study more than ethics ), and to allow for one chapter to be recited on each Shabbat of the Omer period, this chapter being seen well-suited to Shabbat Shavuot, when the giving of the Torah is celebrated.