Furigana fonts are generally sized so that two kana characters fit naturally over one kanji ; when more kana are required, this is resolved either by adjusting the furigana by using a condensed font ( narrowing the kana ), or by adjusting the kanji by intercharacter spacing ( adding spaces around the kanji ).

The word katakana means " fragmentary kana ", as the katakana scripts are derived from components of more complex kanji.

While mapping the set of kana is a simple matter, kanji has proven more difficult.

While kana and roman letters can be typed directly into a computer, entering kanji is a more complicated process as there are far more kanji than there are keys on most keyboards.

Romaji input is more common on PCs and other full-size keyboards ( although direct input is also widely supported ), whereas direct kana input is typically used on mobile phones and similar devices – each of the 10 digits ( 1 – 9, 0 ) corresponds to one of the 10 columns in the gojūon table of kana, and multiple presses select the row.

In Japanese, the more formal name is, literally " Roman character kana conversion ".

He also rewrote many Buddhist texts into kana, the simple, phonetic Japanese characters, making the texts more accessible for the common person.

Another common older example is tempura, which is usually written in mixed kanji / kana ( mazegaki ) as, but is also written as ( rare kanji ) or ( common kanji ) – here it is sound-ateji, with the characters used for sound value only.

This organization is used in Southeast Asia, Tibet, Korean hangul, and even Japanese kana, which is not an alphabet.

The Ainu language has had no system of writing, and has historically been transliterated by the Japanese kana or the Russian Cyrillic.

The unwieldy nature of the Japanese kana with its inability to accurately represent terminal consonants has contributed to the degradation of the original Ainu.

For example, the letter क is read ka, ( not ' kaah '; similar to German suffix-e, as in Deutsche ) the two letters कन are kana, the three कनय are kanaya, etc.

Japanese writing had long depended on Chinese ideograms ( kanji ), but these were now supplemented by kana, two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a mnemonic device using parts of Chinese ideograms ; and hiragana, a cursive form of kanji writing and an art form in itself.

is a Japanese reading aid, consisting of smaller kana, or syllabic characters, printed next to a kanji ( ideographic character ) or other character to indicate its pronunciation.

Furigana may be added by character, in which case the furigana characters that correspond to a kanji are centered over that kanji ; or by word or phrase, in which case the entire furigana word is centered over several kanji characters, even if the kanji do not represent equal shares of the kana needed to write them.

In case an isolated kanji character has a long reading — for example ( where reads, tazusa )— the furigana may instead spill over into the space next to the neighboring kana characters, without condensing or changing spacing.

Three-kana readings are not uncommon, particularly due to yōon with a long vowel, such as, and five kana are required for and, the longest of any characters in the Joyo kanji.

Very long readings also occur for certain kanji or symbols which have a gairaigo reading ; the word " centimeter " is generally written as " cm " ( with two half-width characters, so occupying one space ) and has the seven-kana reading ( it can also be written as the kanji, though this is very rare ); another common example is '%' ( the percent sign ), which has the five kana reading.

The distinction between regular kana and the smaller character forms, which are used in regular orthography to mark such things as gemination and palatalization, is often not made in furigana: for example, the usual hiragana spelling of the word ( kyakka ) is, but in furigana it might be written.

Okurigana are kana that appear inline at normal size following kanji stems, typically to complete and to inflect adjectives and verbs.

Over the foreign text, smaller sized Japanese words, in kana or kanji, corresponding to the meaning of the foreign words, effectively translate it in place.

This usage is called in Japanese, since furigana implies the use of kana.

Each kana is either a vowel such as " a " ( hiragana あ ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as " ka " ( hiragana か ); or " n " ( hiragana ん ), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English m, n, or ng (), or like the nasal vowels of French.

The vowel system would have to have shrunk some time between these texts and the invention of the kana in the early 9th century.

Each kana is either a vowel such as " a " ( katakana ア ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as " ka " ( katakana カ ); or " n " ( katakana ン ), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English m, n, or ng (), or like the nasal vowels of French.

There are three kana scripts: modern cursive hiragana (), modern angular katakana (), and the old syllabic use of kanji known as man ’ yōgana () that was ancestral to both.

Hentaigana ( 変体仮名, " variant kana ") are historical variants of modern standard hiragana.

See Taiwanese kana.

Each kana character ( syllabogram ) corresponds to one sound in the Japanese language.

Syllabic writing systems ( such as Japanese kana ) use a symbol to represent a single syllable, and logographic writing systems ( such as Chinese ) use a symbol to represent a morpheme.

The use of Chinese characters to represent Japanese syllables was in fact the genesis of the modern syllabic kana writing systems, being simplified forms ( hiragana ) or fragments ( katakana ) of the man ' yōgana.

The syllabary systems of Japanese ( hiragana and katakana ) are examples of almost perfectly shallow orthographies – the kana correspond with almost perfect consistency to the spoken syllables, although with a few exceptions where symbols reflect historical or morphophonemic features: notably the use of ぢ di and づ du ( rather than じ ji and ず zu, their pronunciation in standard Tokyo dialect ) when the character is a voicing of an underlying ち or つ ( see rendaku ), and the use of は, を, and へ to represent the sounds わ, お, and え, as relics of historical kana usage.

The longer, wider and more upmarket Crown Eight ( トヨタ ・ クラウンエイト ) was introduced in 1964 for the Japanese market, powered by a 2. 6 L V8 engine.

* " Another Battle " ( アナザー ・ バトル, June 30, 2004 ) # 17

There is also Sword Art Online ( ソードアート ・ オンライン, Sōdoāto Onrain ), a light novel series written by Reki Kawahara ; it is about 10, 000 people being trapped in a game world where in the game would mean an actual " death " in real life and the only way to escape is to complete the game.

ja: R. J. レイノルズ ・ タバコ ・ カンパニー

File: 星の軌跡十津川 ・ 上湯にてImg042. jpg | Fixed tripod mounted camera star trails

African soukous and Latin music, like Orquesta de la Luz ( オルケスタ ・ デ ・ ラ ・ ルス ), was popular as was Jamaican reggae and ska, exemplified by Mice Teeth, Mute Beat, La-ppisch, Home Grown and Ska Flames, Determinations, and Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra.

S-VHS ( Super VHS ) ( スーパー ・ ヴィエイチエス Sūpāvieichiesu ) is an improved version of the VHS standard for consumer-level analog recording videocassettes.

The PC 9800 version 『 プール ・ オブ ・ レイディアンス 』 in Japan was fully translated ( like the Japanese Famicom version ) and featured full-color graphics.

"), おっちゃんVSギャル (" Uncle vs. Gal "), クイズ仕事人 (" Business People Quiz "), クイズ! 紳助くん (" Shinsuke-kun Quiz "), 3 ・ 3が9イズ (" 3. 3 is 9 ", based on Hollywood Squares ), 世界痛快伝説 !! 運命のダダダダーン!

* Murai Shōsuke 村井章介: Kōrai, Sanbetsushō no hanran to Mōko shūrai zen ' ya no Nihon 高麗 ・ 三別抄の叛乱と蒙古襲来前夜の日本, Ajia no naka no chūsei Nihon アジアのなかの中世日本, pp. 144 – 188, 1988.

In Japan, Wall of 1. 03 million yen and 1. 30 million yen ( 103万円 ・ 130万円の壁 ) is a controversial social phenomenon among Japanese housewives due to the government's taxation policy.

* 2005 Mirrored Mind ( 鏡心 ・ 3Dサウンド完全版, Kyōshin: 3D Saundo Kanzenban ), a re-edited and extended version of Ishii's short film for Digital Short Films by Three Filmmakers 2004, designed to be screened using a unique " 3D virtual sound " system.

ja: U. Sプレイング ・ カード社

An example would be swapping 3M LIBOR being paid with prior non-business day convention, quarterly on JAJO ( i. e. Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct ) 30, into FMAN ( i. e. Feb, May, Aug, Nov ) 28 modified following ・