Following Desargues ' thinking, the sixteen-year-old Pascal produced, as a means of proof, a short treatise on what was called the " Mystic Hexagram ", Essai pour les coniques (" Essay on Conics ") and sent it — his first serious work of mathematics — to Père Mersenne in Paris ; it is known still today as Pascal's theorem.

Mersenne was " the center of the world of science and mathematics during the first half of the 1600s.

In mathematics, the Lucas – Lehmer test ( LLT ) is a primality test for Mersenne numbers.

In mathematics, a double Mersenne number is a Mersenne number of the form

Connes has applied his work in areas of mathematics and theoretical physics, including number theory, differential geometry and particle physics.

One of the most interesting aspects of the axiom of choice is the large number of places in mathematics that it shows up.

In mathematics, the absolute value ( or modulus ) of a real number is the numerical value of without regard to its sign.

In mathematics, an algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with rational coefficients ( or equivalently — by clearing denominators — with integer coefficients ).

In mathematics, the unit square is defined to have area one, and the area of any other shape or surface is a dimensionless real number.

In mathematics, the phrase " almost all " has a number of specialised uses.

It occupies a central place in modern mathematics and has multiple conceptual connections with such diverse fields as complex analysis, topology and number theory.

In mathematics, an associative algebra A is an associative ring that has a compatible structure of a vector space over a certain field K or, more generally, of a module over a commutative ring R. Thus A is endowed with binary operations of addition and multiplication satisfying a number of axioms, including associativity of multiplication and distributivity, as well as compatible multiplication by the elements of the field K or the ring R.

Realism in the philosophy of mathematics is the claim that mathematical entities such as number have a mind-independent existence.

Arithmetic or arithmetics ( from the Greek word ἀριθμός, arithmos " number ") is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations.

* Bell number, in mathematics

In mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers B < sub > n </ sub > are a sequence of rational numbers with deep connections to number theory.

With large sets, it becomes necessary to use more sophisticated mathematics to find the number of combinations.

* Catalan number, a concept in mathematics

In mathematics, a countable set is a set with the same cardinality ( number of elements ) as some subset of the set of natural numbers.

Although a " bijection " seems a more advanced concept than a number, the usual development of mathematics in terms of set theory defines functions before numbers, as they are based on much simpler sets.

In 1879, Peirce was appointed Lecturer in logic at the new Johns Hopkins University, which was strong in a number of areas that interested him, such as philosophy ( Royce and Dewey did their PhDs at Hopkins ), psychology ( taught by G. Stanley Hall and studied by Joseph Jastrow, who coauthored a landmark empirical study with Peirce ), and mathematics ( taught by J. J. Sylvester, who came to admire Peirce's work on mathematics and logic ).

The Langlands program is a far-reaching web of these ideas of ' unifying conjectures ' that link different subfields of mathematics, e. g. number theory and representation theory of Lie groups ; some of these conjectures have since been proved.

In mathematics, any number of cases supporting a conjecture, no matter how large, is insufficient for establishing the conjecture's veracity, since a single counterexample would immediately bring down the conjecture.

* Cardinal number, a concept in mathematics

In mathematics, the Cantor set is a set of points lying on a single line segment that has a number of remarkable and deep properties.

In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of the " number of elements of the set ".

In mathematics, a contraction mapping, or contraction, on a metric space ( M, d ) is a function f from M to itself, with the property that there is some nonnegative real number < math > k < 1 </ math > such that for all x and y in M,

In mathematics, the Borsuk – Ulam theorem, named after Stanisław Ulam and Karol Borsuk, states that every continuous function from an n-sphere into Euclidean n-space maps some pair of antipodal points to the same point.

In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a Banach algebra, named after Stefan Banach, is an associative algebra A over the real or complex numbers which at the same time is also a Banach space.

In mathematics, a Cauchy sequence ( pronounced ), named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a sequence whose elements become arbitrarily close to each other as the sequence progresses.

* In Canadian junior high schools, an annual national mathematics competition ( Gauss Mathematics Competition ) administered by the Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing is named in honour of Gauss,

In mathematics, the Cauchy – Riemann differential equations in complex analysis, named after Augustin Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann, consist of a system of two partial differential equations which must be satisfied if we know that a complex function is complex differentiable.

In the essay a blind English mathematician named Saunderson argues that since knowledge derives from the senses, then mathematics is the only form of knowledge that both he and a sighted person can agree about.

In pure mathematics, the magnitude of a googolplex could be related to other forms of large-number notation such as tetration, Knuth's up-arrow notation, Steinhaus-Moser notation, or Conway chained arrow notation, though neither googol nor googolplex are anywhere near the largest representable or even specifically named numbers.

A mathematics center has been named in his honor at the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho.

In mathematics, a generalized mean, also known as power mean or Hölder mean ( named after Otto Hölder ), is an abstraction of the Pythagorean means including arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means.

In 2006, Harvey Mudd was also named one of the " new Ivy leagues " by Kaplan and Newsweek, while the mathematics department won the first American Mathematical Society Award for Exemplary Program.

He returned to Alexandria, and began determinedly studying the works of Aristotle under Olympiodorus the Elder ( he also began studying mathematics during this period as well with a teacher named Heron ( no relation to Hero of Alexandria who was also known as Heron ).

Descartes ' influence in mathematics is equally apparent ; the Cartesian coordinate system — allowing reference to a point in space as a set of numbers, and allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as geometric shapes in a two-dimensional coordinate system ( and conversely, shapes to be described as equations ) — was named after him.

In combinatorial mathematics, a Steiner system ( named after Jakob Steiner ) is a type of block design, specifically a t-design with λ = 1 and t ≥ 2.

Bertrand Russell is credited with noticing the existence of such paradoxes even in the best symbolic formalizations of mathematics in his day, in particular the paradox that came to be named after him, Russell's paradox.

The award is named after Alan Turing, mathematician and reader in mathematics at the University of Manchester.

Lagrange's theorem, in the mathematics of group theory, states that for any finite group G, the order ( number of elements ) of every subgroup H of G divides the order of G. The theorem is named after Joseph Lagrange.

In mathematics, specifically in real analysis, the Bolzano – Weierstrass theorem, named after Bernard Bolzano and Karl Weierstrass, is a fundamental result about convergence in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space R < sup > n </ sup >.

In mathematics, Laplace's equation is a second-order partial differential equation named after Pierre-Simon Laplace who first studied its properties.

The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics named after Lothar Collatz, who first proposed it in 1937.

There are three programming languages named after him, Haskell, Brooks and Curry, as well as the concept of currying, a technique used for transforming functions in mathematics and computer science.

Dalton's early life was highly influenced by a prominent Eaglesfield Quaker named Elihu Robinson, a competent meteorologist and instrument maker, who got him interested in problems of mathematics and meteorology.

In mathematics, a Dedekind cut, named after Richard Dedekind, is a partition of the rational numbers into two non-empty parts A and B, such that all elements of A are less than all elements of B, and A contains no greatest element.

In mathematics, a Hurwitz polynomial, named after Adolf Hurwitz, is a polynomial whose coefficients are positive real numbers and whose zeros are located in the left half-plane of the complex plane, that is, the real part of every zero is negative.

In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory, the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Ludwig Sylow (