Remember that in seeking the modern in Utopia we do not deny the existence of the medieval and the Renaissance there ; ;

we do not even need to commit ourselves to assessing on the same inconceivable scale the relative importance of the medieval, the Renaissance, and the modern.

Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics.

Although innovated in the late medieval period, Thomism was dogmatized in the Renaissance.

Decrees concerning sacred music and religious art, though inexplicit, were subsequently amplified by theologians and writers to condemn many types of Renaissance and medieval styles and iconographies, impacting heavily on the development of these art forms.

The Colonna family is an Italian noble family ; it was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one Pope and many other Church and political leaders.

There are 83 known manuscripts of the work from the late medieval and early Renaissance period, more than any other vernacular literary text with the exception of The Prick of Conscience.

There are 83 known manuscripts of the work from the late medieval and early Renaissance period, more than any other vernacular literary text with the exception of The Prick of Conscience.

* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

A centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of the time, Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages.

Florence originated as a Roman city, and later, after a period as a flourishing trading and banking medieval commune, it was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance ( or the " Florentine Renaissance ").

Some Chinese martial arts, aikido and some eskrima systems — as well as medieval and Renaissance European martial arts — practice grappling while one or both participants is armed.

Visible is medieval literature overlapping with Renaissance up to the 1540s, modern literature beginning 1720, and the baroque period separating the two, from 1550 to 1700 .</ small >

** Late medieval German literature / Renaissance ( 1300 – 1500 )

European harps in medieval and Renaissance times usually had a bray pin fitted to make a buzzing sound when a string was plucked.

Following a change in vowel pronunciation that marks the transition of English from the medieval to the Renaissance period, the language of the Chancery and Caxton became Early Modern English ( the language of Shakespeare's day ) and with relatively moderate changes eventually developed into the English language of today.

Social changes associated with the end of the medieval period and the Renaissance also conspired to rob the character of Arthur and his associated legend of some of their power to enthral audiences, with the result that 1634 saw the last printing of Malory's Le Morte d ' Arthur for nearly 200 years.

Knights and the ideals of knighthood featured largely in medieval and Renaissance literature, and have secured a permanent place in literary romance.

The Earl of Leicester then expanded the castle once again, constructing new Tudor buildings and exploiting the medieval heritage of Kenilworth to produce a fashionable Renaissance palace.

Unlike in the past there are many types of lutes encountered today: 5-course medieval lutes, renaissance lutes of 6 to 10 courses in many pitches for solo and ensemble performance of Renaissance works, the archlute of Baroque works, 11-course lutes in d-minor tuning for 17th century French, German and Czech music, 13 / 14-course d-minor tuned German Baroque Lutes for later High Baroque and Classical music, theorbo for basso continuo parts in Baroque ensembles, gallichons / mandoras, bandoras, orpharions and others.

The Middle Ages ( adjectival forms: medieval, mediaeval, and mediæval ) is the period of European history encompassing the 5th to the 15th centuries, normally marked from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire ( the end of Classical Antiquity ) until the beginning of the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, the periods which ushered in the Modern Era.

Medieval fortification is military methods of medieval technology that covers the development of fortification construction and use in Europe roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance.

The name of the motet was preserved in the transition from medieval to Renaissance music, but the character of the composition was entirely changed.

While it grew out of the medieval isorhythmic motet, the Renaissance composers of the motet generally abandoned the use of a repeated figure as a cantus firmus.

Through its subsidiary label Archiv Produktion it also stimulated interest in Western medieval and renaissance music, 15th – 16th century choral polyphony, Gregorian chant, and pioneering use of historical instruments and performance practices in recordings.

He had a strict and thorough training in counterpoint, from medieval polyphony through Stravinsky, and this shows in his earliest music, such as the ballet Pocahontas ( 1938 – 39 ).

It was not merely polyphony that offended the medieval ears, but the notion of secular music merging with the sacred and making its way into the liturgy.

Martial school, a style of Aquitanian polyphony in medieval music

From biblical to medieval Christian traditions, tensions between self-affirmation and other-regard were sometimes discussed under the heading of " disinterested love ," as in the Pauline phrase " love seeks not its own interests.

The Etymologicum Magnum presents a medieval learned pseudo-etymology, explaining Aphrodite as derived from the compound habrodiaitos (" she who lives delicately " from habros + diaita ) explaining the alternation between b and ph as a " familiar " characteristic of Greek " obvious from the Macedonians ".

In early medieval times, Argovia or Argowe was a disputed border region between the duchies of Alamannia and Burgundy.

The two solstices, the two equinoxes and four cross-quarter days, days half-way between a solstice and the equinox were associated with the medieval Celtic calendar.

Using scientific knowledge from textbooks in the trunk of his 1973 Oldsmobile Delta 88, and enlisting the help of Duke Henry, Ash successfully leads the medieval soldiers to victory over the Deadites and Evil Ash, saving Sheila and bringing peace between Arthur and Henry in the process.

In Gregory ’ s day, history was not recognized as an independent field of study ; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and historia ( defined as ‘ story ’) summed up the approach of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered ‘ history .’ Gregory ’ s Dialogues Book Two, then, an authentic medieval hagiography cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons.

On the Reckoning of Time ( De temporum ratione ) included an introduction to the traditional ancient and medieval view of the cosmos, including an explanation of how the spherical earth influenced the changing length of daylight, of how the seasonal motion of the Sun and Moon influenced the changing appearance of the New Moon at evening twilight, and a quantitative relation between the changes of the Tides at a given place and the daily motion of the moon.

Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O ' Clock News, the series dealt comically with a number of medieval issues in Britain – witchcraft, Royal succession, European relations, the Crusades and the conflict between the Church and the Crown.

It should be noted that in some medieval codices of Herodotus the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta before the battle is given as Philippides and in a few modern editions this name is preferred.

The Annals of Ulster which cover medieval Ireland between AD 431 to AD 1540 were written at Belle Isle on Lough Erne near Lisbellaw.

In the 19th century, conflict between wealthy businessmen and the aristocracy split the British conservative movement, with the aristocracy calling for a return to medieval ideas while the business classes called for laissez-faire capitalism.

According to Lorena Laura Stookey, " many scholars " see a link between stories in " Irish-Celtic mythology " about journeys to the Otherworld in search of a cauldron of rejuvenation and medieval accounts of the quest for the Holy Grail.

George Every discusses the connection between the cosmic center and Golgotha in his book Christian Mythology, noting that the image of Adam's skull beneath the cross appears in many medieval representations of the crucifixion.

This led medieval logicians to distinguish between what they called the quid nominis or ' whatness of the name ', and the underlying nature common to all the things it names, which they called the quid rei or ' whatness of the thing '.

It stands in a unique position between medieval chivalric romance and the modern novel.

Meyer Schapiro theorizes a connection between the " Hell Mouth " that appears in medieval Christian iconography and Fenrir.

Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.

The city is close to the former late medieval / modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city.

Other students have noted a range of textual similarities between passages in the Gospel of Barnabas, and variously the texts of a series of late medieval vernacular harmonies of the four canonical gospels ( in Middle English and Middle Dutch, but especially in Middle Italian ); which are all speculated as deriving from a lost Vetus Latina version of the Diatessaron of Tatian.

This is known as the classical period of Indian history, during which time India has sometimes been estimated to have had the largest economy of the ancient and medieval world, with its huge population generating between one fourth and one third of the world's income up to the 18th century.

Ruth Benedict made a distinction, relevant in this context, between " guilt " societies ( e. g., medieval Europe ) with an " internal reference standard ", and " shame " societies ( e. g., Japan, " bringing shame upon one's ancestors ") with an " external reference standard ", where people look to their peers for feedback on whether an action is " acceptable " or not ( also known as " group-think ").

By contrast, homoerotic themes were present in poetry and other literature written by some Muslims from the medieval period onwards and which celebrated love between men.

Trade unions have sometimes been seen as successors to the guilds of medieval Europe, though the relationship between the two is disputed.

The German population was expelled from between 1945 and 1947 and replaced with Poles and, as the medieval Polish name Lignica was considered archaic, the town was renamed Legnica.

Howard Felperin argues that the play has a more complex attitude toward " orthodox Christian tragedy " than is often admitted ; he sees a kinship between the play and the tyrant plays within the medieval liturgical drama.