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In modern usage of the Russian Orthodox Church, the word primicerius ( primikirii ) is reserved for a junior cleric ( sometimes a reader or subdeacon ) holding a torch or a candle before officiating bishop during the divine service ; usually he goes ahead in different pontifical processions, which may be an explanation for the choice of given word ( the second part of the word in this case corresponds not to " wax ( of a tablet )" but to " candle wax ").
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modern and usage
While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.
In more modern English usage, the term " adobe " has come to include a style of architecture popular in the desert climates of North America, especially in New Mexico.
Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.
Though the word atom originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into smaller particles, in modern scientific usage the atom is composed of various subatomic particles.
In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.
In modern usage, the term is sometimes used improperly as a catch-all classification of " other world religions " alongside major organized religions.
Contrary to modern usage, the term did not have the extended connotation of overweening pride, self-confidence or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution.
The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.
In modern ground forces ' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat.
From this widening usage has come the more modern sense of the word.
In modern and ancient usage, even within secular terminology, Christ usually refers to Jesus, building on the centuries old tradition of such use.
To facilitate this improvement, IBM utilized the concept of a microprogram ( often called " microcode "), which still sees widespread usage in modern CPUs.
* System: privatization began in 1988 ; advanced telecommunications infrastructure ; modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities ; fixed-line connections have dropped in recent years as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching a level of 85 telephones per 100 persons
In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term " climate change " often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.
This institution, with its name, was later emulated by other powers and is reflected in the modern usage of the word ( see Consul ( representative )).
The word " strategy " had only recently come into usage in modern Europe, and Clausewitz's definition is quite narrow: " the use of engagements for the object of war.
The modern usage of the term carbine covers much the same scope as it always had, namely lighter weapons ( generally rifles ) with barrels less than 457. 2 mm ( 18 inches ).
The modern usage of terms for mail armour is highly contested in popular and, to a lesser degree, academic culture.
In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen out of common usage, replaced by " guns " or " artillery " if not a more specific term such as " mortar " or " howitzer ".
While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.
Criticisms of mainstream psychology consistent with current critical psychology usage have existed since psychology's modern development in the late 19th century.
In more modern usage, the length of a diameter is also called the diameter.
Chinese numerals have symbols for 1 – 9, and additional symbols for powers of 10, which in modern usage reach 10 < sup > 44 </ sup >.
While the dative case is no longer a part of modern English usage, it survives in a few set expressions.
In modern usage, the term " dictator " is generally used to describe a leader who holds and / or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power, especially the power to make laws without effective restraint by a legislative assembly.
modern and Russian
Originally published in modern Hebrew, with a running commentary to facilitate learning, his Steinzaltz edition of the Talmud has also been translated into English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Consequently, modern Bulgarian is about as far from Russian as Swedish is from German.
As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule ( mostly during the 19th century ), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Church Slavonic / Old Bulgarian ( and to some extent on literary Russian, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic ) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.
Its first modern incidence in biological warfare were when Scandinavian " freedom fighters " supplied by the German General Staff used anthrax with unknown results against the Imperial Russian Army in Finland in 1916.
In 1933 a Russian director named Theodore Komisarjevsky staged a modern retelling of the play ( Banquo and Macbeth were told of their future through palmistry ); he used Macbeth's shadow as the ghost.
Besides the state owned airline Cubana ( Cubana de Aviación ), the two other major Cuban airlines are Aero Caribbean and Aerogaviota, both of whom operate modern European and Russian aircraft.
His forecast of the form of government suitable to the modern world may be seen as prophetic: the largely ceremonial offices of president in some modern parliamentary democracies in Europe and e. g. Israel can be perceived as elected or appointed versions of Hegel's constitutional monarch ; the Russian and French presidents, with their stronger powers, may also be regarded in Hegelian terms as wielding powers suitable to the embodiment of the national will.
Ultimately the Russian school of point-set topology, under the direction of Pavel Alexandrov and Pavel Urysohn, formulated Heine – Borel compactness in a way that could be applied to the modern notion of a topological space.
The greatest cavalry charge of modern history was at the 1807 battle of Eylau, when the entire 11, 000-strong French cavalry reserve, led by Maréchal Murat, launched a huge charge on and through the Russian infantry lines.
According to Mircea Eliade, the medieval " Gioacchinian myth [...] of universal renovation in a more or less imminent future " has influenced a number of modern theories of history, such as those of Lessing ( who explicitly compares his views to those of medieval " enthusiasts "), Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling, and has also influenced a number of Russian writers.
Between 1881 and 1910 all Russian cavalry ( other than Cossacks and Imperial Guard regiments ) were designated as dragoons ; reflecting an emphasis on dismounted action in their training and a growing acceptance of the impracticality of employing historical cavalry tactics against modern firepower.
Halych-Volhynia would eventually be absorbed into the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the Mongol-dominated Vladimir-Suzdal and independent Novgorod Republic, two regions on the periphery of Kiev, would establish the basis for the modern Russian nation.
The rite of her sacred fires is a modern festival held in honour of the Goddess Hekate all around the world at the Full Moon in May each year, with thousands participating in more than 18 languages, including English, Spanish, Russian, Portuguese, German, Serbian, Welsh and Esperanto.
* 1807 – Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland ( modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast ) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
The modern Republic of Kazakhstan was separated into a new political entity during the Soviet subdivision of the Russian Turkestan in the 1930s.
Russian traders and soldiers began to appear on the northwestern edge of Kazakh territory in the 17th century, when Cossacks established the forts that later became the cities of Yaitsk ( modern Oral ) and Guryev ( modern Atyrau ).
After the disintegrations of the Kievan Rus, the Russian Empire and the USSR, some fortresses considered Kremlin-type, remained beyond the borders of modern Russia.
He selectively adopted theoretical ideas such as the aesthetic credos of Russian Constructivism with their ideology of " efficient " sculptural constructions using modern industrial materials.
However, Leavitt was using the term to describe what we would now call developmental biology ; it was not until Russian Entomologist Yuri Filipchenko used the terms " macroevolution " and " microevolution " in 1927 in his German language work, " Variabilität und Variation ", that it attained its modern usage.
Mor may derive from an Indo-European root connoting terror or monstrousness, cognate with the Old English maere ( which survives in the modern English word " nightmare ") and the Scandinavian mara and the Old Russian " mara " (" nightmare "); while rígan translates as ' queen '.
Galicia-Volhynia was eventually assimilated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the Mongol-dominated Vladimir-Suzdal and Novgorod Republic, two regions on the periphery of Kiev, established the basis for the modern Russian nation.
Many modern sniper rifles can trace their ancestry back for well over a century, and the Russian 7. 62 x 54 mm cartridge, as used in the front-line Dragunov Sniper Rifle ( SVD ), dates from 1891.
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